Timothy O. Howe
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| 30th United States Postmaster General | |
| In office Template:En dash range | |
| President | Chester A. Arthur |
| Preceded by | Thomas Lemuel James |
| Succeeded by | Walter Q. Gresham |
| United States Senator from Wisconsin | |
| In office Template:En dash range | |
| Preceded by | Charles Durkee |
| Succeeded by | Matthew H. Carpenter |
| Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court | |
| In office Template:En dash range | |
| Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge for the 4th Circuit | |
| In office Template:En dash range | |
| Preceded by | Alexander W. Stow |
| Succeeded by | William R. Gorsline |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Timothy Otis Howe Script error: No such module "person date". |
| Died | Script error: No such module "person date". Kenosha, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Resting place | Woodlawn Cemetery Green Bay, Wisconsin |
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| Relatives | James Henry Howe (nephew) |
| Education | Maine Wesleyan Seminary |
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Timothy Otis Howe (February 24, 1816 – March 25, 1883) was an American lawyer, jurist, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a United States senator for three terms, representing the state of Wisconsin from March 4, 1861, to March 3, 1879, and was considered a member of the Radical Republican faction due to his support for racial equality. He later served as the 30th U.S. postmaster general under President Chester A. Arthur, from 1881 until his death in 1883. While he was serving as U.S. senator, President Ulysses S. Grant offered to appoint Howe as Chief Justice of the United States, following the death of Salmon P. Chase, but Howe declined because he believed that it would result in his U.S. Senate seat being claimed by a Democrat.
Earlier in his career, he was a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, at the time that the Wisconsin Supreme Court was simply a panel of the state's circuit court judges.[1]
His nephew, James Henry Howe, became a United States district judge in Wisconsin.
Biography
Howe was born in Livermore, Maine (then, part of the commonwealth of Massachusetts), to Timothy Howe and Betsey Howard, attended Readfield Seminary now Kents Hill School, in Readfield, Maine, and studied law with local judges.[2] In 1839, Howe was admitted to the Maine Bar and began practicing law in Readfield. In 1845, he was elected to the Maine House of Representatives.[3] Shortly thereafter, Howe moved to Green Bay, Wisconsin, and opened a law office. He was an ardent Whig and ran an unsuccessful campaign for U.S. Congress in 1848.
Howe married Linda Ann Haines and together the couple had 2 children, Mary E. Howe and Frank K. Howe.
Howe was elected circuit judge in Wisconsin and served in that position from 1851 to 1855. As a circuit judge, he also served as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court until a separate Supreme Court was organized in 1853.
In 1857, Howe ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate.[4] In 1861, Howe ran again and won election to the Senate,[4] serving during the American Civil War and Reconstruction. During his time in the Senate, he was an abolitionist and supporter of the Fifteenth Amendment. Howe argued against the claims of contemporary Democrats that blacks were inherently racially inferior, and remarked that their claim that abolition would cause a war of racial extermination was "a libel upon humanity, black or white."[5] During this time he was considered one of the "Radical Republicans" due to his support for racial equality and his opposition to discrimination.[6]
1865 Congressional Hearings chaired by Senator Doolittle looked into Sioux Complaints from the Yankton and Dakota tribes.[7] The Senator found: "Many agents, teachers, and employees of the government, are inefficient, faithless, and even guilty of peculations are fraudulent practices upon the government and upon the Indians." Yankton Chief Medicine Cow testified that Government Agents were the cause of the Minnesota problems. What those agents did in Minnesota was a harbinger of the history coming for the other tribes of the plains.
While in the Senate, President Ulysses S. Grant offered Howe the position of Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. However, Howe declined the offer because he feared his successor to the Senate would be a Democrat. Howe lost his senate seat in 1879 to fellow Republican Matthew H. Carpenter. In 1881, he was appointed United States Postmaster General by President Chester A. Arthur, a position he held until his death in Kenosha, Wisconsin, on March 25, 1883.[4]
Electoral history
U.S. House of Representatives (1848)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Page Template:Tooltip/styles.css has no content.Template:Encodefirst | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Election, November 7, 1848 | |||||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | James Duane Doty | 5,746 | 50.34% | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Timothy O. Howe | 3,338 | 29.24% | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Stoddard Judd | 2,330 | 20.41% | ||
| Plurality | 2,408 | 21.10% | |||
| Total votes | 11,414 | 100.0% | |||
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Wisconsin Lieutenant Governor (1849)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Page Template:Tooltip/styles.css has no content.Template:Encodefirst | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Election, November 6, 1849 | |||||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Samuel Beall | 16,446 | 52.33% | −5.37pp | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Timothy O. Howe | 10,983 | 34.95% | −7.35pp | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | John Bannister | 3,976 | 12.65% | ||
| Scattering | 21 | 0.07% | |||
| Plurality | 5,463 | 17.38% | +1.98pp | ||
| Total votes | 31,426 | 100.0% | -7.40% | ||
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U.S. Senate (1861)
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Page Template:Tooltip/styles.css has no content.Template:Encodefirst | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote of the 14th Wisconsin Legislature, January 23, 1861 | |||||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Timothy O. Howe | 92 | 72.44% | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Henry L. Palmer | 34 | 26.77% | ||
| Absent or not voting | 1 | 0.79% | |||
| Plurality | 58 | 45.67% | |||
| Total votes | 127 | 100.0% | |||
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Sources consulted
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.United States Congress. "Timothy O. Howe (id: H000856)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Footnotes
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2270&search_term=howe". Archived from the original on 2008-08-24. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kents Hill School Notables".
- ^ politicalgraveyard.com/bio/howarth-howe.html
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Post Master General Howe Dead". Greensboro North State. March 29, 1883. p. 2. Retrieved March 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Oakes, James (2013). Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865. W.W. Norton. p. 451.
- ^ War and Taxes By Steven A. Bank, Kirk J. Stark, Joseph J. Thorndike pg. 39
- ^ Speeches to the Special Joint Committee on the Condition Of the Indian Tribes, 1865, Senator James R. Doolittle of Wisconsin sub-committee chairman [1]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Official Canvass". Wisconsin Democrat. December 15, 1849. p. 3. Retrieved December 19, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Joint Convention—Election of a Senator". Wisconsin State Journal. January 23, 1861. p. 2. Retrieved November 25, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
Further reading
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- William H. Russell, "Timothy O. Howe, Stalwart Republican," Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 35, no. 2 (Winter 1951), pp. 90–99. In JSTOR
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