Isotopes of titanium

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox titanium isotopes Naturally occurring titanium (22Ti) is composed of five stable isotopes; 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti and 50Ti with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-three radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 44Ti with a half-life of 59.1 years and 45Ti with a half-life of 184.8 minutes. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 10 minutes, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than one second.

The isotopes of titanium range from 39Ti to 66Ti. The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes is β+ and the primary mode for the heavier ones is β−; the decay products are respectively scandium isotopes and vanadium isotopes.

There are two stable isotopes of titanium with an odd number of nucleons, 47Ti and 49Ti, which thus have non-zero nuclear spin of 5/2− and 7/2− (respectively) and are NMR-active.[1]

List of isotopes


Template:Isotopes table |-id=Titanium-39 | rowspan=3|39Ti | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 17 | rowspan=3|39.00268(22)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 1990 | rowspan=3| 28.5(9) ms | β+, p (93.7%) | 38Ca | rowspan=3|3/2+# | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β+ (~6.3%) | 39Sc |- | β+, 2p (?%) | 37K |-id=Titanium-40 | rowspan=2|40Ti | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18 | rowspan=2|39.990345(73) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1982 | rowspan=2| 52.4(3) ms | β+, p (95.8%) | 39Ca | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (4.2%) | 40Sc |-id=Titanium-41 | rowspan=2|41Ti | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19 | rowspan=2|40.983148(30) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1964 | rowspan=2| 81.9(5) ms | β+, p (91.1%) | 40Ca | rowspan=2|3/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (8.9%) | 41Sc |-id=Titanium-42 | 42Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 20 | 41.97304937(29) | style="text-align:center" | 1964 | 208.3(4) ms | β+ | 42Sc | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-43 | 43Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 21 | 42.9685284(61) | style="text-align:center" | 1948 | 509(5) ms | β+ | 43Sc | 7/2− | | |-id=Titanium-43m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 43m1Ti | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 313.0(10) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1978 | 11.9(3) μs | IT | 43Ti | (3/2+) | | |-id=Titanium-43m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 43m2Ti | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3066.4(10) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1978 | 556(6) ns | IT | 43Ti | (19/2−) | | |-id=Titanium-44 | 44Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 22 | 43.95968994(75) | style="text-align:center" | 1954 | 59.1(3) y | EC | 44Sc | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-45 | 45Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 23 | 44.95812076(90) | style="text-align:center" | 1941 | 184.8(5) min | β+ | 45Sc | 7/2− | | |-id=Titanium-45m | style="text-indent:1em" | 45mTi | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 36.53(15) keV | style="text-align:center" | 1970 | 3.0(2) μs | IT | 45Ti | 3/2− | | |-id=Titanium-46 | 46Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 24 | 45.952626356(97) | style="text-align:center" | 1934 | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value=1e309 |Stable | 0+ | 0.0825(3) | |-id=Titanium-47 | 47Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 25 | 46.951757491(85) | style="text-align:center" | 1934 | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value=1e309 |Stable | 5/2− | 0.0744(2) | |-id=Titanium-48 | 48Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 26 | 47.947940677(79) | style="text-align:center" | 1923 | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value=1e309 |Stable | 0+ | 0.7372(3) | |-id=Titanium-49 | 49Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 27 | 48.947864391(84) | style="text-align:center" | 1934 | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value=1e309 |Stable | 7/2− | 0.0541(2) | |-id=Titanium-50 | 50Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 28 | 49.944785622(88) | style="text-align:center" | 1934 | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value=1e309 |Stable | 0+ | 0.0518(2) | |-id=Titanium-51 | 51Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 29 | 50.94660947(52) | style="text-align:center" | 1947 | 5.76(1) min | β− | 51V | 3/2− | | |-id=Titanium-52 | 52Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 30 | 51.9468835(29) | style="text-align:center" | 1966 | 1.7(1) min | β− | 52V | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-53 | 53Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 31 | 52.9496707(31) | style="text-align:center" | 1977 | 32.7(9) s | β− | 53V | (3/2)− | | |-id=Titanium-54 | 54Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 32 | 53.950892(17) | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 2.1(10) s | β− | 54V | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-55 | 55Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 33 | 54.955091(31) | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 1.3(1) s | β− | 55V | (1/2)− | | |-id=Titanium-56 | 56Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 34 | 55.95768(11) | style="text-align:center" | 1980 | 200(5) ms | β− | 56V | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-57 | 57Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 35 | 56.96307(22) | style="text-align:center" | 1985 | 95(8) ms | β− | 57V | 5/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-58 | 58Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 36 | 57.96681(20) | style="text-align:center" | 1992 | 55(6) ms | β− | 58V | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-59 | 59Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 37 | 58.97222(32)# | style="text-align:center" | 1997 | 28.5(19) ms | β− | 59V | 5/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-59m | style="text-indent:1em" | 59mTi | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 108.5(5) keV | style="text-align:center" | 2005 | 615(11) ns | IT | 59Ti | 1/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-60 | 60Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 38 | 59.97628(26) | style="text-align:center" | 1997 | 22.2(16) ms | β− | 60V | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-61 | 61Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 39 | 60.98243(32)# | style="text-align:center" | 1997 | 15(4) ms | β− | 61V | 1/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-61m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 61m1Ti | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 125.0(5) keV | style="text-align:center" | 2019 | 200(28) ns | IT | 61Ti | 5/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-61m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 61m2Ti | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 700.1(7) keV | style="text-align:center" | 2019 | 354(69) ns | IT | 61Ti | 9/2+# | | |-id=Titanium-62 | 62Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 40 | 61.98690(43)# | style="text-align:center" | 2009 | 9# ms[>620 ns] | | | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-63 | 63Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 41 | 62.99371(54)# | style="text-align:center" | 2009 | 10# ms[>620 ns] | | | 1/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-64 | 64Ti | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 63.99841(64)# | style="text-align:center" | 2013 | 5# ms[>620 ns] | | | 0+ | | |-id=Titanium-65 | 65Ti[2] | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 43 | 65.00559(75)# | style="text-align:center" | 2025 | 1# ms | | | 1/2−# | | |-id=Titanium-66 | 66Ti[2] | style="text-align:right" | 22 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | | style="text-align:center" | 2025 | | | | 0+ | | Template:Isotopes table/footer

Titanium-44

Titanium-44 (44Ti) is a radioactive isotope of titanium that undergoes electron capture with a half-life of 59.1 years to an excited state of scandium-44, before reaching the ground state of 44Sc and ultimately of 44Ca.[3] Because titanium-44 can decay only through electron capture, its half-life increases slowly with its ionization state and it becomes stable in its fully ionized state (that is, having a charge of +22),[4] though as astrophysical environments never lack electrons completely, it will always decay.

Titanium-44 is produced in relative abundance in the alpha process in stellar nucleosynthesis and the early stages of supernova explosions.[5] It is produced when stable calcium-40 adds an alpha particle (helium-4), as nickel-56 is the result of adding three more. The age of supernova remnants (even though nickel-56 has died away to iron) may be determined through measurements of gamma-ray emissions from the relatively long-lived titanium-44 and of its abundance.[4] It was observed in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant and SN 1987A at a relatively high concentration, enhanced by the delayed decay in the ionizing conditions.[3]

See also

Daughter products other than titanium

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lucier, Bryan E.G.; Huang, Yining (2016). Reviewing 47/49Ti Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. Vol. 88. pp. 1–78. doi:10.1016/bs.arnmr.2015.10.001. ISBN 978-0-12-804713-2.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tarasov, O. B.; Sherrill, B. M.; Dombos, A. C.; Fukushima, K.; Gade, A.; Haak, K.; Hausmann, M.; Kahl, D.; Kaloyanov, D.; Kwan, E.; Matthews, H. K.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Portillo, M.; Richardson, I.; Smith, M. K.; Watters, S. (4 September 2025). "Discovery of new isotopes in the fragmentation of Se 82 and insights into their production". Physical Review C. 112 (3) 034604. doi:10.1103/573p-7fjp.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Motizuki, Y.; Kumagai, S. (2004). "Radioactivity of the key isotope 44Ti in SN 1987A". AIP Conference Proceedings. 704 (1): 369–374. arXiv:astro-ph/0312620. Bibcode:2004AIPC..704..369M. doi:10.1063/1.1737130.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mochizuki, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Janka, H.-Th.; Hillebrandt, W.; Diehl, R. (2008). "Titanium-44: Its effective decay rate in young supernova remnants, and its abundance in Cas A". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 346 (3): 831–842. arXiv:astro-ph/9904378.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fryer, C.; Dimonte, G.; Ellinger, E.; Hungerford, A.; Kares, B.; Magkotsios, G.; Rockefeller, G.; Timmes, F.; Woodward, P.; Young, P. (2011). Nucleosynthesis in the Universe, Understanding 44Ti (PDF). ADTSC Science Highlights (Report). Los Alamos National Laboratory. pp. 42–43. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-10. Retrieved 2019-07-05.

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