Toropets

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Toropets (Template:Langx) is a town and the administrative center of Toropetsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located where the Toropa River [ru] enters Lake Solomennoye [ru]. Population: 13,015 (2010 census);[1] 14,600 (2002 census);[2] 17,510 (1989 Soviet census).[3]

History

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Historical affiliations

Principality of Smolensk 1074–1167
Principality of Toropets 1167–ca. 1362
Grand Duchy of Lithuania ca. 1362–1503
Grand Duchy of Moscow 1503–1547
Tsardom of Russia 1547–1721
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire 1721–1917
Template:Flagicon Russian Republic 1917
File:Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg Soviet Russia 1917–1922
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 1922–1991
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russian Federation 1991–present

In 1074, when the town was first mentioned in chronicles, Toropets belonged to the Princes of Smolensk.[4] By 1167, it was large enough to have its own princes. The most famous of its rulers was Mstislav the Bold, whose grandson Alexander Nevsky wed Alexandra of Polotsk in Toropets in 1239.[5][6]

In the mid-14th century the town passed to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which had to surrender it to Ivan III following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503. In the early 17th century, Toropets was ransacked by the Polish army. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Toropets was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. Toropets was included into Velikiye Luki Province.[7] In 1772, as a result of the First Partition of Poland, Inflanty Voivodeship and eastern Belarus were transferred to Russia. In order to accommodate these areas, Pskov Governorate was created, and Toropets was transferred to Pskov Governorate. The town of Opochka was made the administrative center of the governorate. Pskov Governorate has proven to be too big to be administered properly, and in 1776, the decree of the empress, Catherine the Great, was issued. It divided the governorate into Pskov and Polotsk Governorates. Pskov was made the administrative center of Pskov Governorate, and Toropets remained in Pskov Governorate. In 1777, Pskov Governorate was transformed into Pskov Viceroyalty, which was administered from Novgorod by Jacob Sievers. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and on 31 December 1796 the emperor Paul I issued a decree restoring Pskov Governorate.[8] Toropets was the center of Toropetsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.

The Soviet authority in Toropets was established on October 30 (November 12), 1917. On August 1, 1927, Pskov Governorate was abolished, and Leningrad Oblast was established. Toropetsky Uyezd was abolished as well, and Toropetsky District, with the administrative center in Toropets, was established. It belonged to Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On June 17, 1929, the district was transferred to Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Toropetsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[9][10] The town was occupied by the Wehrmacht during WWII, from August 29, 1941 until January 21, 1942, when it was retaken during the Toropets–Kholm Offensive. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Toropetssky District was transferred back to Kalinin Oblast. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[10]

On the night of 17–18 September 2024, during the Russo-Ukrainian War, Ukraine launched a drone attack on the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU) ammunition depot in Toropets, causing a series of massive explosions and fires and shattering of many windows on a large radius and Toropets itself.[11][12] Igor Rudenya, the governor of Tver Oblast, announced a partial evacuation of the town.[12][13][14][15]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Toropets serves as the administrative center of Toropetsky District.[16] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Toropetsky District as Toropets Urban Settlement.[17] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Toropetsky Municipal District.[18]

Economy

Industry

There are enterprises of chemical, metallurgical, textile, and food industries in Toropets.[19]

Transportation

File:Old Toropets.jpg
Toropets in 1909

The railway connecting Bologoye with Velikiye Luki passes through Toropets. There is infrequent passenger traffic.

The M9 highway connecting Moscow with Riga also crosses the southern part of Toropetsky District. Toropets has access to it via a paved road. The same road continues to the north to Kholm and further to Staraya Russa.

Culture and recreation

File:Korsunsko-Bogoroditsky cathedral in Toropets, Russia.jpg
Church of the Theotokos of Korsun, built between 1795 and 1804

Toropets contains 66 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 30 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include plenty of buildings in the historical center of Toropets.Template:RKN base The oldest brick churches in the town are dedicated to St. Nicholas (1666–1669), to Our Lady of Kazan (1698–1765), and to John the Baptist (1704).

There are a number of museums in Toropets, which include the Toropets District Museum, the Museum of the History of Photography, the house-museum of Patriarch Tikhon (Tikhon, in the future the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, lived here as a child for ten years).

Notable people

References

Notes

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Торопецкий район (in русский). Литературная карта Тверского края. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Краткая историческая справка (in русский). Toropetsky District Administration. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Янин, В.Л. (1998). "Новгород и Литва: Пограничные ситуации XIII-XV веков" (in русский). Moscow: Moscow State University. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Снытко, О.В.; et al. (2009). С.Д. Трифонов; Т.Б. Чуйкова; Л.В. Федина; А.Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727–1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in русский). Saint Petersburg. p. 16. Retrieved February 4, 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Псковская губерния (in русский). Руниверс. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Воробьёв, М. В. (1993). Г. В. Туфанова (ed.). Административно-территориальное деление Смоленской области (in русский). Государственный архив Смоленской области. pp. 118–133.
  10. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in русский). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lukiv, Jaroslav. "Russia Tver region orders evacuation after Ukrainian drone attack". BBC. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Drone Attack On Arms Depot Forces Evacuations In Russia's Tver Region". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Schools in one municipality of Russia's Tver region withdraw services after drone attack". TASS. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The town of Toropets in the Tver region was attacked by the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The evacuation of residents has been announced". Oreanda News. September 18, 2024. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tver region governor says no serious injuries in drone attack on Toropets". TASS. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  16. ^ Script error: No such module "Lang". (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 255, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  17. ^ Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #50-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Toropetsky Municipal District, lists the town of Toropets as a part and the administrative center of Toropets Urban Settlement of that district.
  18. ^ Law #50-ZO
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Промышленность Торопецкого района (in русский). Toropetsky District Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2016.

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #50-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Which the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Toropetsky District" Comprises and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #20-OZ of March 28, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of Toropetsky District of Tver Oblast and on Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Which the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Toropetsky District" Comprises and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).

Further reading

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