Tymphaea

File:Ancient Greek Northern regions.png

Map showing the ancient regions of central, western and northern Greece

File:Epirus antiquus tabula.png

Map of Ancient Greek region of Epirus

Tymphaea or Tymphaia (Template:Langx) was an ancient Greek territory, specifically located in the region of Epirus, inhabited by the Tymphaioi, a northwestern Greek tribe that belonged to the Molossian tribal state or koinon. The tribal territory was annexed by and became a province of the Kingdom of Macedon, specifically Upper Macedonia, in the 4th century BC.

History

Due to the fact that Greek toponyms that preserve archaic features are very densely found in the wider area, it appears that speakers of the proto-Greek language inhabited a region which included Tymphaea before the late Bronze Age migrations (late 3rd-early 2nd millennium B.C) during several centuries or even millennia before. Tymphaea and its Greek inhabitants, the Tymphaioi, were named after Mount Tymphe. In circa 350 BC, Tymphaea was conquered by Phillip II (r. 359–336 BC) and incorporated into the Kingdom of Macedon as part of Upper Macedonia. The most famous native of Tymphaea was Polyperchon, regent of Alexander III (r. 336–323 BC). He was the son of Simmias, who was the ruler of the Tymphaioi in circa 370 BC.

The Tymphaei were Epirotans who belonged to the wider Molossian tribe. They were one of the Epirote tribes of the north-western Greek group. They worshipped Zeus under the name "Deipaturos" probably as the god of their mountain, Tymphe.

See also

• Elimiotis
• Parauaea
• Orestis (region)

References

Sources

• Benveniste, Émile (2016) [1969]. Dictionary of Indo-European Concepts and Society. Chicago, IL: Hau Books (University of Chicago Press). ISBN 978-0-9861325-9-9.
• Filos, Panagiotis (2023). "Onomastic Formulae from N. Epirus and S. Illyria: Linguistic and Sociocultural Connotations". In Albio Cesare Cassio, Sara Kaczko (ed.). Alloglо̄ssoi: Multilingualism and Minority Languages in Ancient Europe. Trends in Classics – Greek and Latin Linguistics. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 83–113. ISBN 9783110779684.
• Georgiev, Vladimir I. (1973). "The Arrival of the Greeks in Greece: The Linguistic Evidence". In Crossland, R. A.; Birchall, Ann (eds.). Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean; Archaeological and Linguistic Problems in Greek Prehistory: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield. London: Gerald Duckworth & Company Limited. pp. 243–253. ISBN 978-0-7156-0580-6.
• Hammond, Nicholas (2000). "The Ethne in Epirus and Upper Macedonia". The Annual of the British School at Athens. 95: 345–352. doi:10.1017/S0068245400004718. JSTOR 30103439. S2CID 140559037.
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1994). Collected Studies. Vol. III. Amsterdam: Hakkert.
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). Studies Concerning Epirus and Macedonia Before Alexander. Amsterdam: Hakkert. ISBN 9789025610500.
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.
• Hatzopoulos, Miltiades V. (1996). Macedonian Institutions Under the Kings: A Historical and Epigraphic Study, Volume 1. Athens: Kentron Hellēnikēs kai Rōmaïkēs Archaiotētos. ISBN 978-960-7094-90-2.
• Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2
• Pleket, H. W.; Stroud, R. S.; Strubbe, Johan (1994). Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum, Volumes 44–45. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben. ISBN 9789050635288.
• West, Morris L. (2007). Indo-European Poetry and Myth. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199280759.

Further reading

• Hazlitt, William (1851). "Tymphaea". The Classical Gazetter. p. 360. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11.