Typha orientalis
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Typha orientalis, commonly known as bulrush, cumbungi,[2] or raupō, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Typha. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, China and the Russian Far East (Sakhalin and Primorye).[3][4]
T. orientalis is a wetland plant that grows on the edges of ponds, lakes, salt marshes, and slow flowing rivers and streams.
Description
Typha orientalis is a perennial herb which grows up to Template:Cvt in height and has a rhizome of up to Template:Cvt in diameter. The long, sausage-like flower spikes are between Template:Cvt in length.[3][5]
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Carl Borivoj Presl in the Epimeliae Botanicae in 1851.[6]
Etymology
The species epithet orientalis refers to the species being found in East Asia.[5] The plant's Māori name, raupō, is a word used in different Polynesian languages to describe bulrushes.[5]
Distribution
The species is found across East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand.[7] The plant was introduced to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand by Māori.[3]
Uses
Known as raupō in New Zealand,[8] the plant was quite useful to Māori. The rhizomes were cooked and eaten, while the pollen was collected and baked into cakes known as pungapunga.[9][5] The leaves were used for roofs and walls and occasionally for canoe sails,[10] as well as a material for making kites.[11] Many of the first shelters constructed for European settlers in the 19th century were made from raupō.[5]
Gallery
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Typha orientalis typically grows in wetlands, such as in the Brooklands Lagoon along the Styx River in Christchurch, New Zealand
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Leaves of Typha orientalis
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Flower head after bursting open to disperse seeds
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Seeds
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Pickled Typha orientalis rhizome sold in China
References
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- ^ Template:Cite iucn
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Typha orientalis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Typha orientalis". New Zealand Plant Network. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
- ^ Flora of China, v 23 p 161.
- ^ a b c d e Template:Cite q
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Typha orientalis C.Presl Broadleaf Cumbungi". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Typha orientalis C.Presl". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnson, Peter (24 September 2007). "Wetlands – Reeds, rushes, sedges and low growers". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lehnebach, Carlos A.; Regnault, Claire; Rice, Rebecca; Awa, Isaac Te; Yates, Rachel A. (1 November 2023). Flora: Celebrating our Botanical World. Te Papa Press. ISBN 978-1-9911509-1-2.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Metcalf, Lawrie (1998). The Cultivation of New Zealand Native Grasses. Auckland, New Zealand: Random House. p. 48.
- ^ Template:Cite Q
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