Ulleungdo
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Sea of Japan |
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| Highest elevation | 984 m (3228 ft) |
| Administration | |
South Korea | |
| County | Ulleung County |
| Province | North Gyeongsang Province |
North Korea (claimed) | |
| County | T'ongch'ŏn County |
| Province | Kangwŏn Province |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 9,191 (Sep 2020.) |
| Pop. density | 126/km2 (326/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Koreans |
| Template:Infobox Korean name/auto | |
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Ulleungdo (Template:Korean/auto), also spelled Ulreungdo, is a South Korean island 120 kilometres (65 nmi; 75 mi) east of the Korean Peninsula in the Sea of Japan. It was formerly known as Dagelet Island or Argonaut Island in Europe.[2]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Volcanic in origin, the rocky steep-sided island is the top of a large stratovolcano which rises from the seafloor, reaching a maximum elevation of 984 metres (3,228 ft) at Seonginbong Peak. The island is 9.5 kilometres (6 mi) in length and ten kilometres (6 mi) in width; it has an area of 72.86 km2 (28.13 sq mi).[1] It has a population of 10,426 inhabitants.[3]
The island makes up the main part of Ulleung County, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, and is a popular tourist destination. The main city of Ulleungdo is the port of Dodong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".), which serves as the main ferry port between Ulleungdo and the South Korean mainland. After tourism, the main economic activity is fishing, including its well-known harvest of squid, which can be seen drying in the sun in many places.
History
Archaeological evidence indicates that the island was first inhabited in the 1st millennium BC.[citation needed] The first confirmed historical reference to Ulleungdo is in the historical text Samguk sagi for the year 512. In that year, the Silla general Kim Isabu conquered the island, which had previously been the autonomous nation of Usan-guk. Some accounts relate that he used a number of wooden lions to intimidate the population, threatening to turn them loose unless they surrendered.[4]
Usan-guk did not remain under the Silla rule, however, and the island did not become a permanent political part of Korea until 930, when it was annexed by Goryeo.[5] Ulleungdo was attacked a number of times during the late Goryeo and early Joseon dynasties.[6] It was devastated by Jurchen pirate raids in the 11th century, and by Wokou pirate raids in the 14th century.[4] A clash with Japan over fishing rights in the 1690s was precipitated by the Korean fisherman An Yong-bok.[7] In response to these difficulties, Joseon adopted an "empty-island" policy, which, however, proved impossible to enforce. The empty-island policy was officially rescinded in 1881, after which the government sought to encourage additional settlement of Ulleungdo.[citation needed]
American whaleships cruised for right whales off the island between 1848 and 1892.[8] Some went ashore nearby Jukdo to club pinnipeds.[9]
Geography and climate
Ulleungdo is a volcanic island that rose from the seabed during the Cenozoic period, and consists of trachyte, andesite, and basalt.[10] Hot spot volcanic activity by the General Isabu seamount, dissolved Simheungtaek seamount and Liancourt Rocks and Ulleungdo with An Yong-bok seamount was created as well. Liancourt Rocks is 4.6 million years ago estimated 2.5 million years ago, and the creation of Ulleungdo to us, 2.5 million years ago in 5,000 years ago.[11]
The island consists primarily of trachyandesite rock.[12] A major explosive eruption around 8000 BCE decapitated its top to form a caldera.[13]
There is Seonginbong Peak in the center of the island.[10] The Nari Basin is part of a caldera in the northern part of the island, and is the island's only flat surface.[14] The Nari Basin is a unique caldera floor formed by the collapse of the central part of the volcano, and further volcanic activity within this caldera created the Albong (egg peak), making it a rare example of a double volcano structure.
Ulleungdo has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), though it resembles the west coast of Japan much more than Korea, since winters are cloudy with heavy rainfall, albeit not to the same extent as cities such as Kanazawa or Akita.
- Highest Temperature: 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) on August 8, 2013
- Lowest Temperature: −13.6 °C (7.5 °F) on February 26, 1981
- Highest Daily Precipitation: 257.8 millimetres (10.15 in) on September 3, 1981
- Wettest Year: 2,236.9 millimetres (88.07 in) in 2003[15]
Flora and fauna
The island and surrounding water were registered as a marine protected area to secure rich biodiversity in 2014.[16]
The rowan tree species Sorbus ulleungensis is endemic to the island.
A 2024 genetic analysis determined that a beech tree, Fagus multinervis, is endemic to Ulleungdo. It was previously assumed to be conspecific with Fagus engleriana, a Chinese beech tree, as they are phenotypically identical.[17]
North Pacific right whales and pinnipeds were targeted by whalers and sealers in the adjacent waters. Fin whales were also commonly observed historically, and other cetaceans, such as minke whales and dolphins, may appear around the island.[18][19][20]
Japanese sea lions, now extinct, once bred on the island.[21]
A 2013 study estimated that 1,177 species of insects inhabit the island.[22]
Tourism
Favorite activities for tourists are hiking, fishing, and eating hoe (a Korean raw fish dish). Sightseeing boats make regular three-hour circuits about Ulleungdo, departing from the harbor at Dodong and passing by all the points of interest along the coast, including many interesting rock formations and the small neighboring island of Jukdo. Other scenic sites are Seonginbong, the highest peak on the island (984 m (3,228 ft)); Bongnae waterfall; the "natural icehouse"; and a coastal cliff from which the Liancourt Rocks can be discerned in the distance.[23][24]
An airport on the island was planned since 2013 and is under construction since 2020.[25] The design of the new airport was revamped in 2023 for larger aircraft and is expected to open in 2027.[26]
Chotdaebawi Rock (literally "Candle Rock") is one of the most well-known natural landmarks of Ulleungdo. The 30-meter-high basalt column rises vertically from the sea near Dodong Harbor and resembles a candle standing upright, hence its name. It is a popular sightseeing spot for visitors to the island and is often included in boat tours around the coast. [27]
See also
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."120417(조간)_2012년도_지적통계연보_발간(지적기획과1)" (HWP) (in 한국어). 2012-04-16.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Short, John Rennie (2012). Korea: A Cartographic History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226753645. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Island of Ulleung". Official Site of Korea Tourism. Archived from the original on 2014-08-26.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."우산국 - 디지털울릉문화대전". Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."고려시대 - 디지털울릉문화대전". Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."쇄환정책 - 디지털울릉문화대전". Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.김, 우진, "안용복 (安龍福)", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in 한국어), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-06-15
- ^ Splendid, of Edgartown, Apr. 21, 1848, Nicholson Whaling Collection; Cape Horn Pigeon, of New Bedford, Apr. 19, 1892, Kendall Whaling Museum.
- ^ Henry Kneeland, of New Bedford, Apr. 18, 1853. In Cloud, E. C., & McLean, E. (1994). Enoch's voyage: life in a whaleship, 1851-1854. Wakefield, R.I: Moyer Bell.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.김, 연옥, "울릉도 (鬱陵島)", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in 한국어), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-06-15
- ^ Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Global Volcanism Program | Ulleungdo". Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Victoria C. Smith; et al. (2013-05-01). "Identification and correlation of visible tephras in the Lake Suigetsu SG06 sedimentary archive, Japan: chronostratigraphic markers for synchronising of east Asian/west Pacific palaeoclimatic records across the last 150 ka". Quaternary Science Reviews. 67: 125, 127. Bibcode:2013QSRv...67..121S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.026.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.김, 우관, "나리 분지 (羅里 盆地)", Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in 한국어), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-06-15
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
KMAextremeswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ 해양수산부고시제2014-139호(울릉도 주변해역 해양보호구역 지정), 제18417호 / 관보(정호) / 발행일 : 2014. 12. 26. / 83 페이지 / 490.8KB
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Cardoni, Simone; Csilléry, Katalin; Kurz, Mirjam; Schulze, Ernst-Detlef; Simeone, Marco Cosimo; Worth, James R. P. (2024-10-02). "A subgeneric classification of Fagus (Fagaceae) and revised taxonomy of western Eurasian beeches". Willdenowia. 54 (2–3). doi:10.3372/wi.54.54301. ISSN 0511-9618.
- ^ 2017. "동해 고래, 한미관계 뿐 아니라 독도 역사와도 연결". Retrieved on August 21, 2017
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chang K.; Zhang C.; Park C.; Kang; Ju S.; Lee; Wimbush M., eds. (2015). Oceanography of the East Sea (Japan Sea). Springer International Publishing. p. 380. ISBN 9783319227207. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."둘도 없는 이 땅의 기경 울릉도를 탐하다 - 자전거생활". www.bicyclelife.net (in 한국어). 2019-06-04. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yoon-seung, Kang (2019-02-27). "Scientists find traces of extinct Dokdo sea lions". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Choi, Jae Won; Won, Min Hyeok; Lee, Dong Yeol; Bang, Woo Jun; Moon, Min Ki; Kim, Young-Kun; Kim, Donguk; Kim, Dooyoung; Suh, Sang Jae; Choi, Kwang Shik (2022-12-01). "Insect fauna of Seonginbong in Ulleungdo, Korea". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 15 (4): 518–526. doi:10.1016/j.japb.2022.08.001. ISSN 2287-884X.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.김, 두한 (2018-04-13). "울릉도 성인봉·나리봉, '4월 명품 숲'에". 경북매일. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.김, 용덕 (2021-10-11). "Dokdo As Seen From Ulleungdo" (PDF). 동북아역사재단. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kyong-ae, Choi (15 November 2020). "Seoul to begin construction of Ulleung airport this month". Yonhap News Agency.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ulleung islanders question runway safety as airport nears completion - The Korea Times". www.koreatimes.co.kr. 2025-11-13. Retrieved 2026-05-09.
- ^ https://www.ulleung.go.kr/ko/page.do?mnu_uid=1206& ulleung. september 24, 2025
- Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Narangoa, Li (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231160704.
External links
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- Ulleung County government
- Ulleung.go.kr: Tourist Information (in English) Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- Ulleungdo, Dokdo islands to be preserved as National Park
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