Uvularization
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| Uvularized | |
|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(decimal) | ʶ |
| Unicode Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(hex) | U+02B6 |
Uvularization or uvularisation is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the back of the tongue is constricted toward the uvula and upper pharynx during the articulation of a sound with its primary articulation elsewhere.
IPA symbols
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, uvularization can be indicated by the symbol Script error: No such module "IPA". (a superscript voiced uvular fricative (inverted small capital R)) after the letter standing for the consonant that is uvularized, as in Script error: No such module "IPA". (the uvularized equivalent of Script error: No such module "IPA".). This is specified in VoQS standards. The symbol Script error: No such module "IPA". (a superscript voiceless uvular fricative) is sometimes used on voiceless consonants.
Occurrence
Uvularized consonants are often not distinguished from pharyngealized consonants, and they may be transcribed as if they were pharyngealized.
In Arabic and several other Semitic and Berber languages, uvularization is the defining characteristic of the series of "emphatic" coronal consonants.[1][2]
Uvularized consonants in standard Arabic are Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA".. Regionally there is also Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA".. Other consonants, and vowels, may be phonetically uvularized.
In Greenlandic, long vowels are uvularized before uvular consonants,[3] and English speakers retaining the Northumbrian Burr are reported both to uvularize and to retract vowels before a rhotic.[4]
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McCarthy, John (1994). "The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals". In Keating, Patricia A. (ed.). Phonological structure and phonetic form: papers in laboratory phonology III. Cambridge University Press. pp. 191–233. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511659461.012.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shahin, Kimary (1996). "Accessing pharyngeal place in Palestinian Arabic". In Eid, Mushira; Parkinson, Dilworth B. (eds.). Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics: Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics. Vol. 9. pp. 131–149. doi:10.1075/cilt.141.10sha. ISBN 9781556195969.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wood, Sydney (1997). The gestural organization of vowels and consonants: a cinefluorographic study of articulator gestures in Greenlandic (PDF). 5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology. doi:10.21437/Eurospeech.1997-145. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-29.
- ^ Wells, J. (1982) Accents of English, 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.[page needed]
