Vagla language
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Vagla is a Gurunsi (Gur) language of Ghana with about 14,000 speakers. It is spoken in a number of communities around the western area of Northern Region, Ghana. Such communities includes: Bole, Sawla, Tuna, Soma, Gentilpe, and Nakwabi. The people who speak this language are known as Vaglas, one of the indigenous tribes around that part of the Northern Region, which were brought under the Gonja local administration system "Gonjaland" by British Colonial Rulers under their Centralised System of Governance.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial- velar |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | kp | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | gb | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋm | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
| voiced | v | z | |||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | (ʌ) | ɔ |
| Open | a |
- Blench uses /ʌ/, which is described as a -ATR counterpart of /a/.[2]
- All vowels can be long or short. Two similar vowels are not treated as a long vowel due to tone patterns.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Tones
Vagla has four tones: rising, falling, and two level tones. It also has downstep. Nasals and laterals can also carry tones.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Orthography
Vagla uses ⟨i⟩ to represent both /i/ and /ɪ/, and it uses ⟨u⟩ to represent /u/ and /ʊ/.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Nasalization is represented by a following ⟨h⟩, e.g., Script error: No such module "Lang". 'to agree' and Script error: No such module "Lang". 'to carve'.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Notes
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- ^ Vagla at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found., citing Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found..
References
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blench, Roger (2003). "Plural verb morphology in Vagla" (PDF). Cahiers Voltaïques. 6: 17–31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crouch, Marjory; Naden, Anthony (1998). "A semantically-based grammar of Vagla". Gur Papers (Special issue I). Bayreuth: University of Bayreuth. OCLC 174505065.
Further reading
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crouch, Marjory (1985). "A note on syllable and tone in Vagla verbs". Journal of West African Languages. 15 (2): 29–40.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crouch, Marjory; Herbert, Patricia (1982). Vagla English/English Vagla Dictionary. Tamale: GILBTT. OCLC 10071447.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crouch, Marjory; Smiles, Nancy (1966). Phonology of Vagla. Collected Language Notes. Vol. 4. Legon: Institute of African Studies.
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