Vedanga

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The Vedanga (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "lang"., "limb of the Veda-s";[1] plural form: वेदाङ्गानि Script error: No such module "lang".) are six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic studies that developed in Vedic and post-Vedic times.[2]

List of the Vedanga

  1. Shiksha (Sanskrit: शिक्षा Script error: No such module "lang"., "instruction, teaching"): phonetics, phonology, pronunciation.[2] This auxiliary discipline has focused on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, accent, quantity, stress, melody and rules of euphonic combination of words during a Vedic recitation.[3]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  2. Chanda (Sanskrit: छन्द Script error: No such module "lang"., "metre"): prosody.[4] This auxiliary discipline has focused on the poetic meters, including those based on fixed number of syllables per verse, and those based on fixed number of morae per verse.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[5]
  3. Vyakarana (Sanskrit: व्याकरण Script error: No such module "lang"., "grammar"): grammar and linguistic analysis.[6]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[7] This auxiliary discipline has focused on the rules of grammar and linguistic analysis to establish the exact form of words and sentences to properly express ideas.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  4. Nirukta (Sanskrit: निरुक्त Script error: No such module "lang"., "etymology"): etymology, explanation of words, particularly those that are archaic and have ancient uses with unclear meaning.[8] This auxiliary discipline has focused on linguistic analysis to help establish the proper meaning of the words, given the context they are used in.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
  5. Kalpa (Sanskrit: कल्प Script error: No such module "lang"., "proper, fit"): ritual instructions.[2] This field focused on standardising procedures for Vedic rituals, rites of passage rituals associated with major life events such as birth, wedding and death in family, as well as discussing the personal conduct and proper duties of an individual in different stages of his life.[9]
  6. Jyotisha (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष Script error: No such module "lang"., "astronomy"): Right time for rituals with the help of position of nakshatras and asterisms[2] and astronomy.[10][11] This auxiliary Vedic discipline focused on time keeping.[12][13]

History and background

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The character of Vedangas has roots in ancient times, and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad mentions it as an integral part of the Brahmanas layer of the Vedic texts.[14] These auxiliary disciplines of study arise with the codification of the Vedas in Iron Age India. It is unclear when the list of six Vedangas were first conceptualised.[15] The Vedangas likely developed towards the end of the Vedic period, around or after the middle of the 1st millennium BCE. An early text of the genre is the Nighantu by Yaska, dated to roughly the 5th century BCE.[citation needed] These auxiliary fields of Vedic studies emerged because the language of the Vedic texts composed centuries earlier grew too archaic to the people of that time.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of Hindu philosophy.[16]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[17]

See also

  • Sruti (श्रुति Script error: No such module "lang"., "that which is heard")
  • Smriti (स्मृति Script error: No such module "lang"., "that which is remembered")
  • Gurukula

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morgan, Kenneth W. (1953). The Religion of the Hindus. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 269. ISBN 9788120803879. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  2. ^ a b c d James Lochtefeld (2002), "Vedanga" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, pages 744-745
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sures Chandra Banerji (1989). A Companion to Sanskrit Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 323–324. ISBN 978-81-208-0063-2.
  4. ^ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Chandas" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, page 140
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peter Scharf (2013). Keith Allan (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. pp. 228–234. ISBN 978-0-19-164344-6.
  6. ^ W. J. Johnson (2009), A Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, Template:ISBN, Article on Vyakarana
  7. ^ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Vyakarana" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, page 769
  8. ^ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Nirukta" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, page 476
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wendy Doniger (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. pp. 629. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yukio Ohashi (1997). Helaine Selin (ed.). Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer. pp. 83–86. ISBN 978-0792340669.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kireet Joshi (1991). The Veda and Indian Culture: An Introductory Essay. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0889-8.
  12. ^ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, pages 326-327
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yukio Ohashi (1999). Johannes Andersen (ed.). Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 11B. Springer Science. pp. 719–721. ISBN 978-0-7923-5556-4. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Friedrich Max Müller (1860). A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature So Far as it Illustrates the Primitive Religion of the Brahmans. Williams and Norgate. p. 110.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Friedrich Max Müller (1860). A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature So Far as it Illustrates the Primitive Religion of the Brahmans. Williams and Norgate. pp. 108–113.
  16. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rajendra Prasad (2009). A Historical-developmental Study of Classical Indian Philosophy of Morals. Concept. p. 147. ISBN 978-81-8069-595-7.

Sources

  • Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Vedanga" on Hindupedia

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