Waco 10

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File:Waco 10 (GXE) 01.JPG
Waco 10 (or GXE) in the Canada Aviation Museum.

The Waco 10/GXE/Waco O series is a range of three-seat open-cockpit biplanes built by the Advance Aircraft Company, later the Waco Aircraft Company.

Design and development

The Waco 10 was a larger span development of the Waco 9, both single-engined three-seat single-bay biplanes constructed around steel-tube frames. The wing covering was fabric, and both upper and lower planes carried ailerons, which were strut linked. The two passengers sat side by side in a cockpit under the upper wing and ahead of the pilot, who had a separate cockpit. It had a split-axle fixed undercarriage and a tailwheel. The main undercarriage was fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers, unusual at the time on a light aircraft. The fin could be trimmed on the ground to offset engine torque, and the tailplane could be trimmed in flight. Initially it was powered by a Curtiss OX-5 water-cooled 90° V-8 engine producing Template:Cvt.

Its first flight was in 1927. It was numerically the most important type to be built by Waco, with at least 1,623 built over a period of 7 years from 1927 to 1933 and was fitted with a very large variety of engines of radial and V configuration.

Operational history

The Waco 10 turned out to have excellent handling, and there was a ready supply of war-surplus Curtiss engines. It was widely used for the popularisation of aeronautics through barnstorming and joyrides, and was also much used as a trainer and by small operators for charter flights.

Variants

In 1928, after the Waco 10 had entered production, Waco changed its designation system so that the basic model 10, powered by a Template:Cvt Curtiss OX-5 engine became the GXE.

File:Waco ASO NC663N HARM St Louis 10.06.06R.jpg
1930 Waco ATO Taperwing at the Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum near St Louis
File:Waco ATO CF-BPM.JPG
1929 Waco ATO Taperwing of Vintage Wings of Canada.
File:Waco CTO NC744H Beaufort MCAS SC 24.04.04R.jpg
1929 Waco CTO at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort South Carolina

Later aircraft used three-letter designations, the first denoting the engine (except for the two mailplanes), the second denoting the wing installed, S or T meaning Straight or Tapered wing, and the final O indicating it was a derivative of the 10. An -A suffix indicated an armed variant intended for export.

Early
Designation		 Post-1928
Designation		 Marketing
Designation		 Engine Power
10 GXE 90 Curtiss OX-5 Template:Cvt
10-W ASO 220-T Wright J-5 Template:Cvt
10-T ATO Wright J-5 Template:Cvt
BSO/BSO-A BS-165 Wright J-6-5 Template:Cvt
CSO C-225 Wright J-6-7 Template:Cvt
CTO Wright J-6-7 Template:Cvt
10-H DSO Hispano-Suiza 8A or E Template:Cvt
HSO Packard DR-980 Diesel Template:Cvt
HTO Packard DR-980 Diesel Template:Cvt
JTO Wright J-6-9 Template:Cvt
JYM Mailplane Wright J-6-9 Template:Cvt
JWM Mailplane Wright J-6-9 Template:Cvt
KSO Kinner K-5 Template:Cvt
OSO Kinner C-5 Template:Cvt
PSO Jacobs radials Template:Cvt
QSO Continental A70 Template:Cvt
RSO Warner Scarab Template:Cvt
240-A Continental W-670 Template:Cvt
300-A 300 hp radial Template:Cvt

Apart from the water-cooled V-8 Curtiss and Hispano-Suiza engines, all of the rest were air-cooled radials.

Other engines were fitted experimentally, without unique designations, including the Rausie, Ryan-Siemens, and Template:Cvt Milwaukee Tank engine. This last engine was an air-cooled version of the Curtiss OX-5, and was intended as an aircraft engine.

The JYM and JWM were mailplane derivatives with a 14" fuselage stretch.

In the 1990s the unrelated The WACO Aircraft Company in Forks, Washington offered a homebuilt kit version of the ATO model.[1]

The WACO 240-A was a straight-wing fighter, built for export, powered by Template:Cvt Wright engine. At least six were bought by the Cantonese Chinese aviation services. They were armed with twin .30 Browning machine guns and had racks for five Template:Cvt or two Template:Cvt bombs.[2]

There was also an export model WACO Pursuit 300T-A, with Template:Cvt Wright or Wasp Jr engine.[2]

Military designations

D1W
Brazilian Navy designation for the CSO.[3]

Surviving aircraft

Year Model Serial # Registration Location References
1927 GXE 781 N312DC Gatlinburg–Pigeon Forge Airport, Tennessee
1928 GXE 1388 N6675K Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [4]
1928 GXE 1464 NC4899 Ohio History Connection [5]
1928 GXE 1521 C-GAFD Canada Aviation and Space Museum, Ottawa, Ontario [6]
1928 GXE 1554 NC6974 Eagles Mere Air Museum at Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania [7]
1928 GXE 1586 NC5852 privately owned and based at Covington, Ohio [8][9]
1928 GXE 1644/3065 CF-AOI Reynolds-Alberta Museum, Wetaskiwin, Alberta [10]
1928 GXE 1810 N6513 Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [11]
1928 ASO A-10 NC7091 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida [12][13]
1928 ATO A-4 NC5814 EAA AirVenture Museum, Oshkosh, Wisconsin [14][15]
1928 ATO A-20 N6714 Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [16]
1929 ATO A-65 CF-BPM Reynolds-Alberta Museum, Wetaskiwin, Alberta,
previously owned by Vintage Wings of Canada, Gatineau, Québec		 [17][18]
1929 ATO A-103 NC906H Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [4]
1929 CTO A-118 N13918 WACO Aircraft Museum, Troy, Ohio [19]
1929 GXE 1801 NC7970 Has Curtiss OXX-6 V8 engine at Texas Air Museum - Stinson Chapter San Antonio Texas
1929 GXE 1869 NC8529 privately owned and based at Corning, Iowa [20]
1929 DSO 3006 N605N Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [21]
1929 CSO 1657 N7662 Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [22]
1929 CTO AT-3005 N516M Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum [23]
1930 ATO D-3128 NC663N Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [24]
1930 CSO 3140 N671N Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [4]
1932 CTO A-3596 NC280W Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, Maryland Heights, Missouri [4]

Specifications (Waco GXE)

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General characteristics

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See also

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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

(Partial listing, only covers most numerous types)

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Purdy, Don (July 15, 1998). AeroCrafter homebuilt aircraft sourcebook (5th ed.). Benicia, Calif.: BAI Communications. p. 288. ISBN 0963640941.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Forman, Harrison (September 1934). "American warplanes in China". Popular Aviation: 151–152.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Brazilian Military Aircraft Designations". designation-systems.net. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
  4. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum". Fairchild24.com. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Where is it now. Collections from the Former Ohio History of Flight Museum". Ohio History Connection Blog. Ohio History Connection. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Waco 10 (GXE) – Canada Aviation and Space Museum". Aviation.technomuses.ca. Archived from the original on March 22, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."1928 Waco GXE Eagles Mere Air Museum". eaglesmereairmuseum.org/index.shtml. Archived from the original on March 23, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rose, Scott (March 18, 2002). "Vintage Registry - A Warbirds Resource Group Site - Waco". Vintage.warbirdregistry.org. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal Aviation Administration (August 2012). "Make / Model Inquiry Results N5852". Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Skaarup, Harold A. (2001). Canadian Warbird Survivors - A Handbook on where to find them. Nebraska: Writers Club Press. ISBN 978-059520668-1.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WACO GXE - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."University Strives to Restore Historic Biplane". Embry-Riddle Newsroom. Retrieved December 16, 2025.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mazzella, Diana (March 30, 2016). "Bringing History Home". Lift Magazine. Retrieved December 16, 2025.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Waco 10/ATO". Airventuremuseum.org. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Master Aircraft List". Airventuremuseum.org. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WACO ATO "Taperwing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Transport Canada (August 2012). "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register". Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WACO Taperwing A.T.O. > Vintage Wings of Canada". Vintagewings.ca. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal Aviation Administration (August 2012). "Make / Model Inquiry Results N13918". Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal Aviation Administration (August 2012). "Make / Model Inquiry Results N8529". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WACO DSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WACO CSO - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WACO CTO "Taper Wing" - Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum". Waaamuseum.org. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Museum Hangar 1, John Cournoyer's Wonderful Wacos". Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved April 16, 2019.

Further reading

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Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eckland, K. O. (April 26, 2009). "Waco". Aerofiles. Retrieved July 27, 2025.

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