Wright R-1820 Cyclone
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The Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 is an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright, widely used on aircraft in the 1930s through 1950s. It was produced under license in France as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V, and in the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-25.
Design and development
The R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of the Wright P-2 engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.
The R-1820 was built under license by Lycoming, Pratt & Whitney Canada, and also, during World War II, by the Studebaker Corporation. The Soviet Union had purchased a license for the design, and the Shvetsov OKB was formed to metricate the American specification powerplant for Soviet government-factory production as the M-25, with the R-1820's general design features used by the Shvetsov design bureau for many of their future radials for the Soviet air forces through the 1940s and onwards. In Spain the R-1820 was license-built as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V.[1]
The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including early Douglas airliners (the prototype DC-1, the DC-2, the first civil versions of the DC-3, and the limited-production DC-5), every wartime example of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Douglas SBD Dauntless bombers, the early versions of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter (as the M-25), and the Piasecki H-21 helicopter.
The R-1820 also found limited use in armored vehicles. The G-200 variant developed 900 hp (670 kW) at 2,300 rpm and powered the strictly experimental M6 Heavy Tank.
D-200 Diesel
The Wright R-1820 was converted to multi-fuel during World War II by Caterpillar Inc. as the D-200 and produced 450 hp (340 kW) at 2,000 rpm in the M4A6 Sherman.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Variants
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Hispano-Suiza 9V
The Hispano-Suiza 9V is a licence-built version of the R-1820.[2]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vr
- 9V with reduction gear
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vb
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbr
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear[2]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbrs
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear and supercharger
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs
- variant of the 9Vb with supercharger[2]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vd
- variant of the 9V[2]
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-10
- 429 kW (575 hp) driving fixed-pitch propeller
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-11
- as -10 but RH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-16
- 480 kW (650 hp) driving variable-pitch propeller, LH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-17
- as -16 but RH rotation
Applications
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Vehicles
Engines on display
Preserved Wright R-1820 engines are on display at the following museums:
- American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum[3]
- Fleet Air Arm Museum[citation needed]
- Delta Flight Museum[citation needed]
- National Air and Space Museum[citation needed]
- National Museum of the U.S. Air Force[citation needed]
- San Diego Air & Space Museum
- Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum[4]
-
Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 engine of restored Douglas DC-3 "Flagship Knoxville" at American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum
-
Wright R-1820 cutaway at the Museum of Aviation
-
Wright R-1820 at the Museum of Aviation
-
Wright R-1820-82 Cyclone Radial Engine at Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum, Horsham, Pennsylvania
-
Curtiss Wright R-1820 Cyclone engine on display at the San Diego Air & Space Museum
Specifications (GR-1820-G2)
Data from Jane's.[5]
General characteristics
- Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
- Bore: 6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke: 6.875 in (174.6 mm)
- Displacement: 1,823 cu in (29.87 L)
- Length: 47.76 in (1,213 mm)
- Diameter: 54.25 in (1,378 mm)
- Dry weight: 1,184 lb (537 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder with sodium-filled exhaust valve
- Supercharger: Single-speed General Electric centrifugal type supercharger, blower ratio 7.134:1
- Fuel system: Stromberg PD12K10 downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control
- Fuel type: 87 octane rating gasoline
- Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system: Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output: 1,000 hp (746 kW) at 2,200 rpm for takeoff
- Specific power: 0.46 hp/in³ (20.88 kW/L)
- Compression ratio: 6.45:1
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.6 lb/(hp•h) (362 g/(kW•h))
- Oil consumption: 0.35-0.39 oz/(hp•h) (13-15 g/(kW•h))
- Power-to-weight ratio: 0.84 hp/lb (1.39 kW/kg)
See also
Related development
- Wright Cyclone family
- Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
- Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (Twin Cyclone)
- Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
- Shvetsov M-25
- Shvetsov ASh-62
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
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- ^ Lage(2004) pp. 157-162
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hartmann, Gustave. Hispano-Suiza, Les moteurs de tous les Records.pdf (in français).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.May, Joseph (8 January 2013). "Flagship Knoxville — an American Airlines Douglas DC-3". Hearst Seattle Media. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Exhibit & Collection". Wings of Freedom. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
- ^ Bridgman 1998, p. 314.
Bibliography
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- Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. Crescent. Template:ISBN.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Conners, Chris (2013). "Medium Tank M4 Sherman". American Fighting Vehicle Database. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng, The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, Template:ISBN.
- Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.Template:ISBN
- White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. Template:ISBN
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lage, Manual (2004). Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics. Warrendale, USA: SAE International. ISBN 0-7680-0997-9.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles". Archived from the original on 2006-10-07. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
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