Zou language

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Zou
Zo, Zouham, Zoham, Zokam
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'Zo Lai' in Zolai alphabet
Native toManipur, India
RegionTonzang: Chin State, Chin Hills;
In India: Mizoram and Manipur, Chandel, Singngat subdivision and Sungnu area; Churachandpur districts; Assam.
EthnicityZou
Native speakers
88,000 (2012)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist
Latin, Zoulai alphabet[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3zom
Glottologzouu1235
ELPTemplate:Endangered Languages Project
LinguasphereTemplate:Infobox language/lingualist
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Zou (also spelled Zo and known as Zoham or Zokam) is a language of the Northeastern branch of Kuki-Chin languages[1] originating in western Burma and spoken also in Mizoram and Manipur in northeastern India.

The name Zou is sometimes used as a blanket term for the languages spoken by the Kuki-Chin-Mizo peoples.

Phonology

The set of 23 Zou consonantal phonemes can be established on the basis of the following minimal pairs or overlapping words. Besides these 23 Phonemes, 1 consonant is a borrowed phoneme (i.e. /r/), which is found only in loan words, in very rare cases (e.g. /r/ in /rəŋ/ "color"). Along with these consonants, Zou has 7 vowels: i, e, a, ɔ, o, u, ə.[3]

Consonant Phonemes
Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t c k ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
voiced b d ɟ g
Affricate tʃ
Fricative voiceless v s h
voiced z
Nasal m n ŋ
Lateral l
Trill (r)
Semivowel w j
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e ə o
Open-mid ɔ
Open a

Orthography

Vowels

  • a - [a]
  • aw - [ɔ]
  • e - [e/ə]
  • i - [i~j]
  • o - [o]
  • u - [u~w][4]

Consonants

  • b - [b]
  • ch - [c]
  • d - [d]
  • g - [g]
  • h - [h], [ʔ] at the end of a syllable
  • j - [ɟ]
  • k - [k]
  • kh - [kʰ]
  • l - [l]
  • m - [m]
  • n - [n]
  • ng - [ŋ]
  • p - [p]
  • ph - [pʰ]
  • r - [r]
  • s - [s]
  • t - [t]
  • th - [tʰ]
  • v - [ʋ]
  • z - [z][4]

Types of Zou verbs

The Zou verbs can be classified into three types: Stem (1), Stem (2), Stem (3) as given below:[5]

Types of Zou Verbs
Stem 1 Stem 2 Stem 3 Stem 4
piê-give pie? pe- pieh
puo-carry puo? po- pua-

Numbers

Zou numbers are counted as follows:[6]

Numeral Zou English Hindi
0 Script error: No such module "Lang". zero Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
1 Script error: No such module "Lang". one Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
2 Script error: No such module "Lang". two Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
3 Script error: No such module "Lang". three Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
4 Script error: No such module "Lang". four Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
5 Script error: No such module "Lang". five Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
6 Script error: No such module "Lang". six Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
7 Script error: No such module "Lang". seven Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
8 Script error: No such module "Lang". eight Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
9 Script error: No such module "Lang". nine Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
10 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". ten Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
11 Script error: No such module "Lang". eleven Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
12 Script error: No such module "Lang". twelve Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
13 Script error: No such module "Lang". thirteen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
14 Script error: No such module "Lang". fourteen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
15 Script error: No such module "Lang". fifteen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
16 Script error: No such module "Lang". sixteen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
17 Script error: No such module "Lang". seventeen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
18 Script error: No such module "Lang". eighteen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
19 Script error: No such module "Lang". nineteen Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
20 Script error: No such module "Lang". twenty Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
30 Script error: No such module "Lang". thirty Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
40 Script error: No such module "Lang". forty Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
50 Script error: No such module "Lang". fifty Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
60 Script error: No such module "Lang". sixty Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
70 Script error: No such module "Lang". seventy Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
80 Script error: No such module "Lang". eighty Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
90 Script error: No such module "Lang". ninety Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
100 Script error: No such module "Lang". hundred Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
1,000 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". one thousand Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
10,000 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". ten thousand Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
100,000 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". one hundred thousand, one lakh Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
1,000,000 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". one million Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
10,000,000 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". ten million, one crore Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit
100,000,000 Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". one billion, ten crore Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Translit

Writing systems

Zou is often written in a Latin script developed by Christian missionary J.H. Cope. In 1952, M. Siahzathang of Churachandpur created an alternative script known as Zolai or Zoulai, an alphabetic system with some alphasyllabic characteristics. The user community for the script is growing- Zou cultural, political, and literary organizations began to adopt the script beginning in the 1970s, and more recently, the Manipur State Government has shown support for both Siahzathang and the script.[7][8]

Linguistic relations

Zou among the Northeastern Kuki-Chin languages is closely related to the Central languages such as the Duhlian (Lusei/Lushai) or Mizo language (endonym in Duhlian or Lushai is Mizo ṭawng), the lingua franca language of Mizoram.[citation needed]

Zou as spoken in India is similar to the Paite language of the Paite, though Zou lacks the word-final glottal stops present in Paite.[9][10]

Geographical extent

At its largest extent, the geographic area covered by the language group is a territory of approximately 60,000 square miles (160,000 km2) in size, in Burma, India and Bangladesh.[11] However political boundaries and political debates have distorted the extent of the area in some sources.[12]

In Burma

It is used in Chin State, Tiddim, and the Chin Hills. Use of Burmese has increased in the Zo speaking Chin State since the 1950s.[13] Ethnologue reports that Zou is spoken in the following townships of Myanmar.

In India

In Bangladesh

In Bangladesh it is used by the Bawm people.[15][16]

References

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  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Haokip, Pauthang (2011). Socio-linguistic Situation in North-east India. Concept Publishing Company. p. 55. ISBN 978-8180697609.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Zoulai". Omniglot.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Singh, Yashawanta; Himmat, Lukram (February 2013). "Zou Phonology" (PDF). Language in India. 13 (2): 683–701. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Zou language, script, and pronunciation". Omniglot. Archived from the original on 2019-07-06. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Philip Thanglienmang Tungdim (2012). "A Descriptive Grammar of the Zo Language". Academia. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thangliènmâng Tungdim, Philip (2011). Zo-English-Hindi Kizìlna Lȁibú [Self-tutor book of Zo-English-Hindi]. New Delhi: Zou Cultural-cum-Literature Society India. ISBN 978-81-920282-0-0. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pandey, Anshuman (29 September 2010). "Introducing the Zou Script" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ian James; Mattias Persson (March 2012). "Script for Zou". skyknowledge.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bareh, Hamlet (2001). "Zou". Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Manipu. Mittal. pp. 260ff. ISBN 978-81-7099-790-0. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  10. ^ "Their language is called Zou which is similar to the language spoken by the Paite. Unlike the Zou, the Paite possess the terminal glottal stop 'h'. For example, a word for 'good' is hoih in Paite while it changes into hoi in the Zou language. Sannemla (Zou folksongs) are also popular among the Paite, although they are rendered in their individual dialect bearing the characteristic phonetic differences." Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Singh, Kumar Suresh; Horam, M. & Rizvi, S. H. M. (1998). People of India: Manipur. Anthropological Survey of India by Seagull Books. p. 253. ISBN 978-81-7154-769-2.
  11. ^ Encyclopaedia of South-Asian tribes - Volume 8 - Page 3436 Satinder Kumar - 2000 "According to the 1981 census, 12,515 persons speak the Zou language"
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gopalakrishnan, Ramamoorthy (1996). Socio-political framework in North-East India. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. p. 150. OCLC 34850808. But against the background of all such conflict the Zomi National Congress went a step further in its argument for a Zomi identity by claiming Thado language as Zomi language. In the Kuki-Chin group of tribes, numerical strength has played ...
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nang Khen Khup (2007). Evaluating the Impact of Family Devotions Upon Selected Families from the Zomi Christian Community of Tulsa (Thesis). Oral Roberts University. p. 7. OCLC 645086982. The Zomi language is descended from the Tibeto-Burman language domain. Though each tribal group speaks its own dialect, Burmese is widely used in Zoland (Chinland) due to Burmanization of military regime for over five decades
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shyamkishor, Ayangbam. "In Search of Common Identity: A Study of Chin-Kuki-Mizo Community in India" (PDF). International Journal of South Asian Studies: A Biannual Journal of South Asian Studies. 3 (1): 131–140. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Loncheu, Nathan (2013). Dena, Lal (ed.). Bawmzos: A Study Of The Chin-Kuki-Zo Tribes Of Chittagong. New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8370-346-8.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Reichle, Verena (1981). Bawm language and lore: Tibeto-Burman area. Europäische Hochschulschriften series 21, Linguistik: volume 14. Bern, Switzerland: P. Lang. ISBN 978-3-261-04935-3.

Further reading

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Zou language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

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