Transperth
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| Transperth | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. From top left to bottom right: a B-series train on the Mandurah line, an A-series train on the Midland line, a Volvo B8RLE in Fremantle, MV Shelley Taylor-Smith | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | Public Transport Authority |
| Area served | Perth and surrounding areas |
| Transit type | Bus, ferry, rail |
| Number of lines | 8 (train)[a] 1 (ferry) |
| Number of stations | 85 (train)[b] 54 (bus)[c] |
| Annual ridership | 148,717,495 (year to June 2025) |
| Headquarters | Public Transport Centre |
| Website | Transperth |
| Operation | |
| Operator(s) | Captain Cook Cruises Path Transit Swan Transit Transdev WA Transperth Train Operations WAGR (former) MTT (former) |
| Number of vehicles | 1690 buses 342 railcars 3 ferries |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge |
| Electrification | 25 kV 50 Hz AC from overhead catenary |
Transperth is the public transport system for Perth and surrounding areas in Western Australia. It is managed by the Public Transport Authority (PTA), a state government organisation, and consists of train, bus and ferry services. Bus operations are contracted out to Swan Transit, Path Transit and Transdev. Ferry operations are contracted out to Captain Cook Cruises. Train operations are done by the PTA through their Transperth Train Operations division.
The Transperth train system consists of eight lines: the Airport, Armadale, Ellenbrook, Fremantle, Mandurah, Midland, Thornlie–Cockburn, and Yanchep lines; and 85 stations. Train services have operated since 1881. The Transperth bus system has over 1,499 buses and 51 bus stations, 38 of which are interchanges at railway stations. Buses have operated under private operators from 1903; these private operators were bought out by the Metropolitan Transport Trust starting in 1958. Contracting out the bus operations began in the mid-1990s. The Transperth ferry system has one route, two stops, and three ferries. The system extends as far north as Two Rocks on the outer north of the Perth metropolitan area, Wundowie in the Shire of Northam, and Bouvard in the south of Mandurah. Fares are paid using the SmartRider system or using cash or contactless payments. With 123,307,689 boardings in the year to June 2023, Transperth has the fourth highest patronage in Australia, although the train system has Australia's third highest train patronage.
History
The first railway in Perth was the Eastern Railway from Fremantle to Guildford via Perth, which opened on 1 March 1881. Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) was formed in 1890 as the operator of railways in Perth and Western Australia. The South Western Railway opened on 2 May 1893. On 28 September 1899, the first trams in Perth begin operating.[1]
In 1903, the first private bus operator began, operating routes from Victoria Park to the Perth central business district (CBD). Trams in Fremantle begin operating in 1905 and were abolished in 1952. The first diesel railcars, the WAGR ADG class, enter service on 28 November 1954, replacing steam locomotives. This allowed for shorter stop spacings, leading to the opening of seven new railway stations on that date.[1]
On 15 January 1958, the Metropolitan Transport Trust (MTT) was formed, and begun to acquire the various private bus operators in Perth. The MTT also operated Perth's ferry services. Perth's last tram ran in 1958 as well. By 5 October 1968, suburban rail services were fully operated by diesel railcars. In the late-1960s, the Midland line was converted from narrow gauge to dual gauge, allowing standard gauge trains to travel from the eastern states to East Perth railway station. The gauge conversion necessitated the rebuild of several stations and bridges along the Midland line. In 1969, the last trolleybuses in Perth ran. The management of Perth's public transport was integrated into a single body in 1974 when the MTT took over the management of Perth's suburban rail services from WAGR. The MTT contracted out the operations of the suburban rail services back to WAGR.[1] Throughout the 1970s, bus stations opened across the Perth metropolitan region, starting with Morley bus station (now Galleria bus station) in August 1972 and Wellington Street bus station in March 1973.[2]
The Fremantle line was closed to passenger services on 1 September 1979, despite a 100,000 signature petition calling for the closure to be cancelled. Following a change in government at the 1983 state election, the Fremantle line was reopened. The government then decided to electrify the existing suburban rail lines and build the Yanchep line (known at the time as the Joondalup line). On 31 August 1986, the MTT adopted Transperth as its trading name, marking the first time that the name Transperth has been used for Perth's public transport system. Construction for the Joondalup line commenced on 14 November 1989. The electrification of the rail network was completed by September 1991 and the Transperth A-series trains entered service, replacing the diesel railcars. The Joondalup line partially opened on 21 December 1992 and fully opened in March 1993.[1][2][3] Later that year, the Joondalup line was extended to Currambine railway station.[4][5]
The operation of Transperth services underwent a reorganisation in the mid-1990s, with bus and ferry operations contracted out to private operators. Responsibility for managing the system was transferred to the Department of Transport. The Transperth brand was also transferred to the Department of Transport, with the brand to be used by all the companies which were to operate services under contract. The MTT adopted the trading name MetroBus on 14 February 1995. The operation of the ferries was transferred to Captain Cook Cruises in February 1995. It was initially planned that MetroBus would compete with the private sector for contracts, and it was successful in bidding for the Joondalup North, Armadale South and Perth CATs contracts in 1995 and 1996 whilst several other contracts were awarded to the private sector. The government later announced that it would withdraw MetroBus from operating and it would tender out the remaining contract areas. MetroBus ceased operating bus services on 4 July 1998.[2][3]
In December 1999, enabling legislation for the Mandurah line was passed, paving the way for the construction of the line. It was initially planned to branch off the Armadale line, but was later rerouted to go via a direct route south of Perth in the median of the Kwinana Freeway, necessitating tunnelling under the Perth CBD. This led to the development of the Thornlie–Cockburn line as a branch off the Armadale line instead. On 1 July 2003, the Public Transport Authority was formed, taking over from the Department of Transport of the ownership and management of Transperth services. An extension of the Joondalup line to Clarkson station opened on 4 October 2004. The first Transperth B-series trains enter service in 2004 as well and Nowergup railcar depot opens. Thornlie station opened on 7 August 2005, and on 23 December 2007, the Mandurah line opened.[1][3]
On 21 September 2014, an extension of the Joondalup line to Butler station opened. In July 2016, the Perth Busport opened, replacing Wellington Street bus station. The busport is underground and has a dynamic bus stand allocation system to increase capacity for the same number of bus stands. On 3 November 2016, construction begins on the Forrestfield–Airport Link, later to become known as the Airport line. In 2018 and 2019, the government passed legislation to construct an extension of the Joondalup line to Yanchep, the Ellenbrook line as a spur off the Midland line, and an extension of the Thornlie line to Cockburn Central station along the Mandurah line, completing the original plans for the Mandurah line to spur off the Armadale line. These projects are all part of the Metronet project to improve Perth's public transport system, which involves several station rebuilds and improvements as well. The Airport line opened on 9 October 2022 and the Yanchep extension opened on 14 July 2024, coinciding with the renaming of the Joondalup line to the Yanchep line. In January 2023, testing for the Transperth C-series train commenced.[1] These trains entered service on 8 April 2024.[6][7] The Ellenbrook line opened on 8 December 2024, while 8 June 2025 saw the opening of the Thornlie–Cockburn line. An extension to Byford of the Armadale line opened on 12 October 2025.
Services
Transperth services run as far as Two Rocks on the outer north of the Perth metropolitan area, Wundowie in the Shire of Northam, and Bouvard in the south of Mandurah.[8]
Train
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The Transperth train system consists of eight lines: the Airport, Armadale, Ellenbrook, Fremantle, Mandurah, Midland, Thornlie–Cockburn, and Yanchep lines. These lines all meet at Perth station and Perth Underground (used by the Yanchep and Mandurah lines) in the city's CBD, radiating out from there. The Thornlie-Cockburn Line has been recently built and was opened in mid 2025. There are several other extensions and upgrades under construction as well under the Metronet project. The system has 85 stations along these eight lines.[b][9] Transperth is Australia's third busiest passenger rail system, behind Sydney and Melbourne but ahead of Brisbane and Adelaide.[10] There are three trains used: the Transperth A-series train, Transperth B-series train and the Transperth C-series train which entered service on 8 April 2024.[6][7]
Bus
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The Transperth bus system consists of 44 bus-train interchanges and 13 bus-only stations.[9] The bus system is contracted out to private operators: Swan Transit, Path Transit and Transdev.[11] The bus system is the fourth-busiest in Australia, behind Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.[10]
Ferry
The Transperth ferry system consists of one route and three ferries. The line across the Swan River from Elizabeth Quay Jetty in the Perth CBD to Mends Street Jetty in South Perth. The ferries are the MV Shelley Taylor-Smith, the MV Phillip Pendal and the MV Tricia.
In 2024, prior to the Western Australian State Election, the Cook-Labour government announced their plans to expand the ferry service to Applecross and Crawley (UWA). The project is estimated to cost $107 million and include.
- Two new jetties for ferries in Applecross and Crawley near UWA.
- Improvements to Mends Street jetty in South Perth.
- 5 New locally made electric ferries to replace and expand the current fleet.
Ticketing
The fare structure and ticketing system is the same for the bus, train and ferry network. A number of ticket types are available for purchase by travellers, which can be paid for using SmartRider cards, cash or contactless payments.
The Transperth system is split into nine concentric zones, radiating out from the centre of Perth.[12]Template:Rp[9] Zone one extends 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the centre of Perth, zones two and three consist of bands 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) wide, and the remaining zones consist of bands 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) wide.
Prior to January 2022, travelling within one zone cost a one-zone fare, with higher fares applied to travellers using two or more zones, up to a nine zone fare for travelling though all nine zones. Multiple trips, including transfers between modes and services, were possible under the same fare as long as this is done within two hours for journeys four zones or less or three hours for journeys of five zones or more.[12]Template:Rp[13] In January 2022, a two-zone fare cap was instituted by the McGowan government as an election promise prior to the 2021 state election.[14][15] Since February 2024, travel has been free for everyone with a SmartRider each Sunday.[16] In January 2026, the two-zone fare cap was replaced by a "Go Anywhere" fare which as of May 2026 charges $3.50 for a normal ticket and $1.60 for concession tickets for unlimited travel within three hours across the entire Transperth network.[17]
There are other ticket types available for passengers. The "two-section" fare is less than a one-zone fare and is for one-way trips below 3.2 kilometres (2 mi). Primary and secondary school students with a Student SmartRider can travel for free on weekdays during the school year, and with a concession fare other days.[18] The DayRider ticket allows unlimited travel for one day. The FamilyRider ticket allows unlimited travel for up to seven people for one day under certain conditions and at certain times.[19]
As of 2022, 79% of all fares were paid for using a SmartRider card,[12]Template:Rp a contactless stored-value card introduced in 2007. Paying for paper tickets using cash is also possible. Tickets can be issued on all buses and ferries and from ticket machines at train stations and ferry jetties.[12]Template:Rp SmartRiders can only be purchased at certain retail stores, Transperth InfoCentres, and at SmartRider Hub machines at selected bus and railway stations; they are not purchasable at every station or on buses. Methods for adding money to the SmartRider card include using SmartRider Hub and stand alone "add-value" machines at certain stations, on buses and ferries, at certain retail stores and Transperth InfoCentres, BPAY through online banking, and by setting up "Autoload", where direct debits are made automatically from a bank account to a SmartRider. Fares for using a SmartRider cost 10% less than paper tickets, and 20% less if "Autoload" is used.[12]Template:Rp To use a SmartRider card, users must "tag on" at the start of a journey and "tag off" at the end of their journey, and the lowest possible fare is automatically applied. The daily spend on a SmartRider is capped at the DayRider cash fare.
People travelling to and from events at Perth Stadium do not have to use a SmartRider or pay for a ticket as Transperth fares are included in the cost of every Perth Stadium ticket.[20]
From the 1990s to 2007, MultiRiders were used as multi-trip tickets. They used magnetic-stripe technology.[21]
From December 2025, commuters became able to use contactless payment methods such as credit and debit cards and digital wallets on smartphones and smartwatches to tag on and pay at the start of a journey. Commuters using this method will pay the cash fare rate.[22]
Free Transit Zone
Perth has a Free Transit Zone (FTZ) with zero-fare travel on buses and trains in its central business district.
On the rail network, however, free travel within the zone is only available to passengers who have a SmartRider card or use contactless payment, and tag on and off. This was not always the case, but is now required due to changes in station structures brought about by the implementation of the SmartRider ticketing system.[23] For train passengers, the zone is bounded by City West, Elizabeth Quay, and Claisebrook stations.[24]
The FTZ is funded by the Perth Parking Levy, a levy on non-residential parking bays in Perth, East Perth, West Perth and Northbridge.[25] The levy was introduced under the Perth Parking Management Act 1999, and allows levy funds to be used for transport-related investments aimed at reducing private car travel into and out of Perth CBD, including the FTZ and CAT bus services.[26]
Since its introduction, the levy has been criticised by the City of Perth council, business groups and the media.[27][28][29]
| Ticket Type | Standard | Concession |
|---|---|---|
| 2 Section | $2.40 | $1.10 |
| Standard Flat Fare | $3.50 | $1.60 |
| DayRider | $7.00 | $3.20 |
| FamilyRider | $7.00 | N/A |
Parking fees
Paid car parking at railway stations was introduced on 1 July 2014. The cost is $2 per weekday, free on weekends. SmartRiders or cash can be used to pay for parking.[31][32]
Patronage
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Perth public transport patronage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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<timeline>
Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.664, 0.664, 0.930) ImageSize = width:400 height:180 PlotArea = left:44 bottom:27 top:20 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:150000000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100000000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:50000000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo TextData = pos:(200,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"year" pos:(185,182) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"population" BarData= bar:1900 text:1900 bar:1901 bar:1902 bar:1903 bar:1904 bar:1905 bar:1906 bar:1907 bar:1908 bar:1909 bar:1910 bar:1911 bar:1912 bar:1913 bar:1914 bar:1915 bar:1916 bar:1917 bar:1918 bar:1919 bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 text:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 bar:2010 bar:2011 bar:2012 bar:2013 bar:2014 bar:2015 bar:2016 bar:2017 bar:2018 bar:2019 bar:2020 text:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 bar:2031 bar:2032 bar:2033 bar:2034 bar:2035 bar:2036 bar:2037 bar:2038 bar:2039 bar:2040 text:2040 PlotData= color:barra width:5 align:left bar:1900 from: 0 till:10200000 bar:1910 from: 0 till:19300000 bar:1920 from: 0 till:35900000 bar:1930 from: 0 till:50400000 bar:1940 from: 0 till:58800000 bar:1945 from: 0 till:89800000 bar:1950 from: 0 till:85100000 bar:1960 from: 0 till:69700000 bar:1970 from: 0 till:67600000 bar:1980 from: 0 till:63800000 bar:1981 from: 0 till:63700000 bar:1982 from: 0 till:60400000 bar:1983 from: 0 till:61300000 bar:1984 from: 0 till:55800000 bar:1985 from: 0 till:54100000 bar:1986 from: 0 till:58300000 bar:1987 from: 0 till:59600000 bar:1988 from: 0 till:58900000 bar:1989 from: 0 till:61400000 bar:1990 from: 0 till:63900000 bar:1991 from: 0 till:61500000 bar:1992 from: 0 till:61500000 bar:1993 from: 0 till:63200000 bar:1994 from: 0 till:69400000 bar:1995 from: 0 till:71900000 bar:1996 from: 0 till:72000000 bar:1997 from: 0 till:76500000 bar:1998 from: 0 till:76500000 bar:1999 from: 0 till:75700000 bar:2000 from: 0 till:78600000 bar:2001 from: 0 till:83800000 bar:2002 from: 0 till:86000000 bar:2003 from: 0 till:88200000 bar:2004 from: 0 till:90578121 bar:2005 from: 0 till:94985709 bar:2006 from: 0 till:98526382 bar:2007 from: 0 till:100925805 bar:2008 from: 0 till:108793703 bar:2009 from: 0 till:128783714 bar:2010 from: 0 till:131629344 bar:2011 from: 0 till:135975469 bar:2012 from: 0 till:144130087 bar:2013 from: 0 till:149697303 bar:2014 from: 0 till:147640687 bar:2015 from: 0 till:148761802 bar:2016 from: 0 till:145632675 bar:2017 from: 0 till:140856706 bar:2018 from: 0 till:139847149 bar:2019 from: 0 till:141454423 bar:2020 from: 0 till:116552397 bar:2021 from: 0 till:102256806 bar:2022 from: 0 till:102202990 bar:2023 from: 0 till:123307689 bar:2024 from: 0 till:144228346 bar:2025 from: 0 till:148717495</timeline> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: Bureau of Infrastructure & Transport Research Economics[33] PTA[34] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mode | Patronage | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–07 | 2011–12 | 2016–17 | 2021–22 | |||||
| Bus | 64,622,615 | 64.0% | 80,626,481 | 55.9% | 80,016,728 | 56.8% | 58,890,882 | 57.6% |
| Train | 35,757,833 | 35.4% | 63,029,878 | 43.7% | 60,092,097 | 42.7% | 42,779,726 | 41.9% |
| Ferry | 545,357 | 0.5% | 473,728 | 0.3% | 747,881 | 0.5% | 532,382 | 0.5% |
| Total | 100,925,805 | 100% | 144,130,087 | 100% | 140,856,706 | 100% | 102,202,990 | 100% |
| Line | Patronage | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011–12 | 2016–17 | 2021–22 | ||||
| Mandurah | 20,293,223 | 32.2% | 20,343,828 | 33.9% | 14,357,888 | 33.6% |
| Yanchep[d] | 16,700,234 | 26.5% | 16,658,559 | 27.7% | 11,752,572 | 27.5% |
| Armadale and Thornlie–Cockburn | 9,227,813 | 14.6% | 7,385,888 | 12.3% | 5,629,910 | 13.2% |
| Fremantle | 8,679,139 | 13.8% | 7,940,853 | 13.2% | 5,217,162 | 12.2% |
| Midland | 6,626,464 | 10.5% | 6,143,986 | 10.2% | 4,243,760 | 9.9% |
| Replacement buses | 1,503,005 | 2.4% | 1,618,983 | 2.7% | 1,578,434 | 3.7% |
| Total | 63,029,878 | 100% | 60,092,097 | 100% | 42,779,726 | 100% |
See also
- Transwa, for regional public transport in Western Australia
Notes
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- ^ The Thornlie–Cockburn line is sometimes counted as part of the Armadale line, which would make the number of lines seven.
- ^ a b 93 stations if Perth station and Perth Underground station are counted as the same station.
- ^ 46 of these bus stations are located at railway stations.
- ^ Known as Joondalup line prior 14 July 2024.
References
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- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Transport performance". Public Transport Authority. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
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