Boo hag

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Template:Short description A boo hag is a mythical creature in the folklore of the Gullah Geechee people in Georgia, part of African-American folktales. It is a locally created, unique contribution to the worldwide hag folklore based on the syncretic belief system of Gullah or Hoodoo cultures.[1]

Stories

In Gullah folklore, boo hags are similar to vampires. Unlike vampires, they gain sustenance from a person's breath, as opposed to their blood, by riding their victims.[2][3][4] Hags who were "witches" sold their souls to the devil and had the power to change into animals and insects and drain their victims' spiritual essence.[5]

File:Map of South Carolina.jpg
Map of South Carolina, 1894

Jacob Stroyer, born enslaved in South Carolina in 1849, wrote about hags and conjurers on a plantation in South Carolina. According to his autobiography:

The witches among slaves were supposed to have been persons who worked with them every day, and were called old hags or jack lanterns. Those, both men and women, who, when they grew old, looked odd, were supposed to be witches. Sometimes after eating supper the enslaved would gather in each other's cabins which looked over the large openings on the plantation, and when they would see a light at a great distance and saw it open and shut they would say 'there is an old hag,' and if it came from a certain direction where those lived whom they called witches, one would say 'dat looks like old Aunt Susan,' another said 'no, dat look like man hag,' still another 'I tink dat look like ole Uncle Renty.' When the light disappeared, they said that the witch had gotten into the plantation and changed itself into a person, and went around on the place talking with the people like others until those whom it wanted to bewitch went to bed, then it would change itself into a witch again. They claimed that they rode human beings like horses, and the spittle on the side of the cheek when one slept was the bridle that the witch rode with.[6]

If enslaved people did not have a Bible, they sprinkled a mixture of cayenne pepper and salt in the corners and around the room to protect themselves from boo hags.[7] Items or surfaces in haint blue were also used to ward off haints and boo hags.[8]

The Gullah story of the boo hag was passed down through generations of families on the islands of Georgia. Between 1930 and 1940, the Federal Writers Project recorded stories for historical preservation.[9] The WPA Slave Narrative Collection includes tales of boo hags from formerly enslaved people, as recorded in accounts in the book Drums and Shadows (1940).

Boo hags outside of Gullah culture

While boo hags are a product of Gullah culture, the legend has become known on a wider scale. The legend has been used as an object lesson in stranger danger.[10][11] The legend has also been the subject of song[12] and poetry.[13]

An expression sometimes used in South Carolina is "don't let the hag ride ya." This expression may come from the boo hag legend.[14]

In 2005, a boo hag became a character in a children's book called Precious and the Boo Hag by Patricia C. McKissack and Onawumi Jean Moss. In the story, the boo hag is said to be strange and tricky, and it does anything to get into the house. Precious, the main character, is told by her brother that the boo hag also "...tries to make you disobey yo' mama!" In Black Wings, Grey Skies by Hailey Edwards, a boo hag has gone rogue and starts killing children and the occasional adult. A group of boo hags decides to help the main character bring the villain down.

The book Hush Hush by Remy Wilkins has the antagonists attempting to open a portal in a hurricane in an attempt to summon the boo hag.

Lady Night, a kind of boo hag, appears as a character in Tristan Strong Destroys the World, the second book in the Tristan Strong series.

The 2024 horror film The Geechee Witch: A Boo Hag Story (directed by Jeremiah Kipp) tells the story of a young couple oppressed by a boo hag.

See also

References

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  1. ^ American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore, vol 1, p. 148
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eric Wright. "Charleston South Carolina Ghosts - Boo Hag Legend". Archived from the original on 2006-08-22. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Charleston Ghosts". Archived from the original on 2007-02-25. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jones, Mark R. (2005). Wicked Charleston: The Dark Side of the Holy City. The History Press. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-59629-076-1. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Granger, Mary (1940). Drums and shadows : survival studies among the Georgia coastal enslaved. University of Georgia Press. pp. 20, 59, 79, 188.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Clark, Emily Suzanne; Stoddard, Brad (2019-08-08). Race and New Religious Movements in the USA: A Documentary Reader. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-350-06399-0.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stroyer, Jacob (1879). Sketches of My Life in the South. PRINTED AT THE SALEM PRESS. pp. 42–45.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Parks, Shoshi (January 14, 2020). "What the Color 'Haint Blue' Means to the Descendants of Enslaved Africans". Atlas Obscura.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Boo Hag: Georgia Witch Story". 19 April 2009.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McKissack, Patricia; Onawumi Jean Moss (2005). Precious and the Boo Hag. Atheneum (Anne Schwartz Books). p. 40. ISBN 978-0-689-85194-0. Now remember, don't let nothing and nobody in this house—not even me, 'cause I got a key.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Louisiana State Library (2007-04-27). "Precious and the Boo Hag" (PDF). p. 3. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ballad of the Boo Hag by David Bowles". Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Poetry From The Starlite Cafe: The Legend of the Boo Hag". Retrieved 2007-12-31.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Charleston Boo Hags". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-31.

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