Collema
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Collema (jelly lichen) is a genus of lichens in the family Collemataceae.[2] The photobiont is the cyanobacterium genus Nostoc.[3] Species in this genus typically grow on nutrient-rich bark or somewhat siliceous or calcareous rocks in humid environments.[4]
Description
Collema lichens are characterized by their medium to large size, with a diameter of 3 to 20 cm (1 to 8 in). They have a leaf-like, membranous structure that does not swell noticeably when wet. The upper surface of the thallus is dark olive-green to brown-black and is not hairy. The Template:Lichengloss are 2 to 15 mm broad, rounded, and usually flat or partially raised, with smooth or Template:Lichengloss surfaces adorned with elongated ridges or folds.[4]
Both upper and lower Template:Lichengloss are absent in Collema, and the photobiont Nostoc forms chains of cells throughout the thallus without creating a separate Template:Lichengloss. Isidia can be present or absent, while soredia are not found in this genus. The reproductive structures, known as apothecia, have a pale brown to red-brown Template:Lichengloss that can be flat or convex. The Template:Lichengloss is whole and sometimes displays isidia.[4]
The Template:Lichengloss consists of cells that can be either uniformly sized or elongated. The Template:Lichengloss is indistinct and can be colourless or pigmented, while the hymenium is colorless and turns blue when treated with iodine. A more or less colourless Template:Lichengloss is also present. The Template:Lichengloss comprises paraphyses that separate in a solution of potassium hydroxide and may be unbranched or branched, often connecting near their tips, which can be club-shaped or round and exhibit a yellowish to reddish-brown hue.[4]
The asci are club-shaped (clavate) with a strongly thickened apex, and both the Template:Lichengloss and the downwardly projecting annulus and apical cap react blue to iodine. Each ascus produces eight spores that are narrowly ellipsoidal to spindle-shaped or nearly cylindrical with transverse septa. Template:Lichengloss, or Template:Lichengloss, are immersed within the thallus and can be located on the margins or lamina with a pale ostiole. The Template:Lichengloss are rod-shaped with a slightly enlarged apex. No lichen products have been detected in Collema using thin-layer chromatography.[4]
Species
As of April 2023[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 24 species of Collema.[2]
- Collema actinoptychum Nyl. (1868)[5]
- Collema coniophilum Goward (2009)[6] – Canada
- Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. (1810)
- Collema furfuraceum (Schaer.) Du Rietz (1929)
- Collema glaucophthalmum Nyl. (1858)[7]
- Collema glebulentum (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Degel. (1952)
- Collema implicatum Nyl. (1863)[8]
- Collema insulare Degel. (1974)
- Collema japonicum (Müll.Arg.) Hue (1898)
- Collema laeve Hook.f. & Taylor (1844)
- Collema leptaleum Tuck. (1866)[9]
- Collema leucocarpum Hook.f. & Taylor (1844)
- Collema marginale (Huds.) Hoffm. (1794)
- Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. (1805)
- Collema pulcellum Ach. (1814)
- Collema pustulatum Ach. (1814)
- Collema rugosum Kremp. (1870)
- Collema ryssoleum (Tuck.) A.Schneid. (1872)
- Collema sichuanense H.J.Liu & J.C.Wei (2003))[10] – China
- Collema subconveniens Nyl. (1888)
- Collema subflaccidum Degel. (1974)[11]
- Collema subnigrescens Degel. (1954)[12]
- Collema substipitatum Zahlbr. (1930)
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Synonymy: Collema Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Prim. fl. holsat. (Kiliae): 89 (1780)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ a b Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ^ Dobson, F.S. (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. 4th edition. Richmond publishing Co., Slough, England.
- ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cannon, Paul; Otálora, Mónica A.G.; Košuthová, Alica; Wedin, Mats; Aptroot, André; Coppins, Brian; Simkin, Janet (2020). "Peltigerales: Collemataceae, including the genera Blennothallia, Callome, Collema, Enchylium, Epiphloea, Lathagrium, Leptogium, Pseudoleptogium, Rostania and Scytinium". Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 2: 1–38 [12]. doi:10.34885/174.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nylander, W. (1867). "Synopsis lichenum Novae Caledoniae". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie. 2 (in Latina) (2): 39–140 [43].
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Spribille, Toby; Björk, Curtis R.; Ekman, Stefan; Elix, John A.; Goward, Trevor; Printzen, Christian; Tønsberg, Tor; Wheeler, Tim (2009). "Contributions to an epiphytic lichen flora of northwest North America: I. Eight new species from British Columbia inland rain forests". The Bryologist. 112 (1): 109–137. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-112.1.109. S2CID 84225966.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nylander, W. (1858). "Lichenes collecti in Mexico a Fr. Müller". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latina). 41: 377–386.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nylander, W. (1863). "Lichenographia Novogranatensis prodromus". Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae (in Latina). 7 (2): 415–504.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tuckerman, E. (1864). "Observations on North American and other lichens". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 6: 263–287.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Liu, H.J.; Wei, J.C. (2003). "Two new taxa of the lichen genus Collema from China". Mycosystema. 22 (4): 531–533.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Degelius, G. (1974). The lichen genus Collema with special reference to the extra-European species. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. Vol. 20. p. 140.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Degelius, G. (1954). The lichen genus Collema in Europe. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. Vol. 13. p. 413.
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