Felinae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Template:DMCA Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Script error: No such module "Automated taxobox". The Felinae or small cats are a subfamily of the Felidae distinguished by a bony hyoid, because of which they can purr but not roar.[2] Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera, with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.[3][4]

Characteristics

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid.[5] They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in).[6][7] The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[8]

Taxonomy

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis.[9] In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.[5]

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[10][11]

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[2]

Genus Species Image of type species Range
Acinonyx Brookes, 1828[12] File:Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) on the road.jpg Africa and Southwestern Asia
Caracal Gray, 1843[14] File:Caracl (01), Paris, décembre 2013.jpg Africa and Southwestern Asia
Catopuma Severtzov, 1858[17] File:Asian golden cat at Edinburgh Zoo.jpg Southeastern Asia
Felis Linnaeus, 1758[20] File:Felis catus-black tabby cat on snow (cropped).jpg
Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858[17] File:Puma yagouaroundi.jpg Central and Southern America
Leopardus Gray, 1842[28] File:Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg Central and Southern America
Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858[17] File:Leptailurus serval -Serengeti National Park, Tanzania-8.jpg Africa
Lynx Kerr, 1792[37] File:Lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), Almuradiel, Ciudad Real, España, 2021-12-19, DD 07.jpg Northern Hemisphere
Otocolobus Brandt, 1842[41] File:Manoel.jpg Central Asia
Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858[17] File:Marbled cat borneo.jpg Southeastern Asia
Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858[17] File:Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg Southeastern and Eastern Asia
Puma Jardine 1834[48] File:Puma - 49044464307.jpg Americas

Extinct taxa

Genus Species Image
Felis
Acinonyx

File:Head appearance of Acinonyx pardinensis.jpg

Lynx
Puma

File:De vroeg-pleistocene sabeltandkat, Homotherium crenatidens (2008) Puma pardoides.png

Leopardus
Leptofelis Salesa et al., 2017
  • L. vallesiensis
Miracinonyx Adams, 1979[52]
  • M. inexpectatus
  • M. trumani
 File:Miracinonyx inexpectatus.jpg
Pratifelis Hibbard, 1934
  • P. martini
Pristifelis Salesa et al., 2012
  • P. attica
Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929[53]
  • S. arvernensis
  • S. brachygnathus
  • S. linxiaensis
  • S. padhriensis
  • S. pleistocaenicus
  • S. potens
Sivapardus Bikr, 1969[citation needed]
  • S. punjabiensis
Vishnufelis Pilgrim, 1932
  • V. laticeps

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram (note that this includes the sensu lato definition, which encompasses Panthera and its relatives, but not the extinct machairodontines and others):[54][55][2] Script error: No such module "Clade".

See also

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Felinae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–545. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 11−63.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Werdelin, L. (2013). "Subfamily Felinae − Cats". In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. Vol. 5. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 144–210. ISBN 978-1-4081-2251-8.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pocock, R. I. (1917). "The classification of the existing Felidae". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. XX (119): 329–350. doi:10.1080/00222931709487018.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hast, M. H. (1989). "The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats". Journal of Anatomy. 163: 117–121. PMC 1256521. PMID 2606766.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peters, G. (2002). "Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals". Mammal Review. 32 (4): 245−271. Bibcode:2002MamRv..32..245P. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2002.00113.x.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pocock, R. I. (1917). "VII.—On the external characters of the Felidæ". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 19 (109): 113−136. doi:10.1080/00222931709486916.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fischer, G. (1817). "Adversaria Zoologica. Fasciculus primus. Quaedam ad Mammalium systema et genera illustranda". Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 5: 357−446.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1−11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brookes, J. (1828). "Section Carnivora". A catalogue of the Anatomical and Zoological Museum of Joshua Brookes. London: Richard Taylor. p. 16.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1777). "Der Gepard". Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (Dritter Theil). Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 392–393.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gray, J. E. (1843). "Felidae". List of the specimens of Mammalia in the British Museum. London: The British Museum. pp. 39–46.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1777). "Der Karakal". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 413–414.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Temminck, C. J. (1827). "Félis doré Felis aurata". Monographies de Mammalogie. Paris: G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne. pp. 120−121.
  17. ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Severtzow, M. N. (1858). "Notice sur la classification multisériale des Carnivores, spécialement des Félidés, et les études de zoologie générale qui s'y rattachent". Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée. X: 385–396.
  18. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vigors, N. A.; Horsfield, T. (1827). "Descriptions of two species of the genus Felis, in the collections of the Zoological Society". The Zoological Journal. III (11): 449–451.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gray, J. E. (1874). "Description of a new Species of Cat (Felis badia) from Sarawak". Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1874: 322–323.
  20. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latina). Vol. 1 (Tenth reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. pp. 42–44.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Die wilde Kaze" [The wild Cat]. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (Dritter Theil). Erlangen: Expedition des Schreber'schen Säugthier- und des Esper'schen Schmetterlingswerkes. pp. 397–402.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Der Kirmyschak". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 414–416.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Forster, G. R. (1780). "LIII. Der Karakal". Herrn von Büffons Naturgeschichte der vierfüssigen Thiere. Mit Vermehrungen, aus dem Französischen übersetzt. Sechster Band [Mr. von Büffon‘s Natural History of Quadrupeds. With additions, translated from French. Volume 6]. Berlin: Joachim Pauli. pp. 299–319.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Burchell, W. J. (1824). "Felis nigripes". Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, Vol. II. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. p. 592.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Loche, V. (1858). "Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Chat par M. le capitaine Loche" [Description of a new species of cat, Mr. Captain Loche]. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée. 2. X: 49–50.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Milne-Edwards, A. (1892). "Observations sur les mammifères du Thibet". Revue Générale des Sciences Pures et Appliquées. III: 670–671.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Geoffroy St. Hilaire, É. (1803). "Le Chat Yagouarundi Felis yagouarundi". Catalogue des Mammifères du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris, France: Museum National d'histoire naturelle. p. 124.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gray, J. E. (1842). "Descriptions of some new genera and fifty unrecorded species of Mammalia". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 10 (65): 255−267. doi:10.1080/03745484209445232.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis pardalis". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. I (Tenth ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 42.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Die Maragua". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 396–397.
  31. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Molina, G. I. (1782). "La Guigna Felis guigna". Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chilli. Bologna: Stamperia di S. Tommaso d’Aquino. p. 295. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schinz, H. R. (1821). "Wiedische Katze Felis wiedii". Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere: als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Säugethiere und Vögel, Volume 1. Stuttgart, Tübingen: Cotta. pp. 235–236.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.D'Orbigny, A.; Gervais, P. (1844). "Mammalogie: Nouvelle espèce de Felis". Extraits des Procès-verbaux des Séances. 9: 40−41.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cornalia, E. (1865). "Descrizione di una nuova specie del genere Felis. Felis jacobita (Corn.)". Memorie della Societá Italiana di Scienze Naturali. 1: 3−9.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hensel, R. (1872). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Säugethiere Süd-Brasiliens". Physikalische Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (1873): 1−130.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Der Serval". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther.
  37. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kerr, R. (1792). "F. Lynx canadensis". The Animal Kingdom or zoological system of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia. Edinburgh & London: A. Strahan & T. Cadell. p. 157−158.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis lynx". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. Tomus I (decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 43.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Der Rotluchs". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 442–443.
  40. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Temminck, C. J. (1827). "Felis pardina". Monographies de mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de mammifères, dont les espèces ont été observées dans les différens musées de l'Europe. Vol. 1. Leiden: C. C. Vander Hoek. pp. 116−117.
  41. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brandt J. F. (1842). "Observations sur le manoul (Felis manul Pallas)". Bulletin Scientifique. Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg. 9: 37–39.
  42. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pallas, P. S. (1776). "Felis manul". Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs in einem ausführlichen Auszuge. Volume 3. Frankfurt und Leipzig: J. G. Fleischer. p. 490.
  43. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Martin, W. C. (1836). "Description of a new species of Felis". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. IV (XLVII): 107–108.
  44. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kerr, R. (1792). "Bengal Tiger-Cat Felis bengalensis". The Animal Kingdom or zoological system of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia. Edinburgh & London: A. Strahan & T. Cadell. pp. 151–152.
  45. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Desmarest, A. G. (1816). "Le Chat de Java, Felis javanensis Nob.". In Société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs (ed.). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine. Tome 6. Paris: Chez Deterville. p. 115.
  46. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bennett, E. T. (1833). "Felis viverrinus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part I: 68–69.
  47. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I. (1831). "Le Chat à Taches de Rouille, Felis rubiginosa (Nob.)l". In Bélanger, C.; Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I. (eds.). Voyage aux Indes-Orientales par le nord de l'Europe, les provinces du Caucases, la Géorgie, l'Arménie et la Perse, suivi des détails topographiques, statistiques et autre sur le Pégou, les Iles de Jave, de Maurice et de Bourbon, sur le Cap-de-bonne-Espérance et Sainte-Hélène, pendant les années 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828 et 1829. Tome 3: Zoologie. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. pp. 140−144.
  48. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jardine, W. (1834). "Genus II. Puma". Naturalists' library, Mammalia, volume 2. Edinburgh: Lizars, Stirling and Kenney. pp. 266–267.
  49. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Linnaeus, C. (1771). "Felis concolor". Mantissa plantarum altera. Generum editionis VI et specierum editionis II. Regni animalis appendix. Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 522.
  50. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stephens, J. J. (1959). "A new Pliocene cat from Kansas". Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters (44): 41–46.
  51. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Werdelin, L. (1981). "The evolution of lynxes" (PDF). Annales Zoologici Fennici (18): 37–71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  52. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Adams, D. B. (1979). "The Cheetah: Native American". Science. 205 (4411): 1155–1158. Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1155A. doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1155. PMID 17735054. S2CID 17951039.
  53. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kretzoi, M. (1929). "Materialien zur phylogenetischen Klassifikation der Ailuroïden". In Csiki, E. (ed.). Xe Congrès international de zoologie, tenu à Budapest du 4 au 10 septembre 1927. Volume 2. Budapest: Imprimerie Stephaneus. pp. 1293−1355.
  54. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.
  55. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  • Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons

Script error: No such module "Navbox with collapsible groups". Script error: No such module "Taxonbar". Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Felinae&oldid=1302224"