Felis

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Felis is a genus of small and medium-sized cat species native to most of Africa and south of 60° latitude in Europe and Asia to Indochina. The genus includes the domestic cat. The smallest of the seven Felis species is the black-footed cat with a head and body length from Template:Cvt. The largest is the jungle cat with a head and body length from Template:Cvt.[1]

Genetic studies indicate that the Felinae genera Felis, Otocolobus and Prionailurus diverged from a Eurasian progenitor of the Felidae about 6.2 million years ago, and that Felis species split off 3.04 to 0.99 million years ago.[2][3]

Etymology

The generic name Felis is derived from Classical Latin Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning 'cat, ferret'.[4]

Taxonomy

Carl Linnaeus considered Felis to comprise all cat species known until 1758.[5] Later taxonomists split the cat family into different genera. In 1917, the British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock revised the genus Felis as comprising only the ones listed in the following table.[1] Estimated genetic divergence times of the listed species are indicated in million years ago (Mya), based on analysis of autosomal, xDNA, yDNA and mtDNA gene segments.[2]

Species Image IUCN Red List status and distribution
Domestic cat (F. catus) Linnaeus, 1758[5] Script error: No such module "IUCN_status".
Worldwide in association with humans or feral[6]
European wildcat (F. silvestris) Schreber, 1777[7]
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File:EuropeanWildcat distribution.jpg

Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777[9]
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File:Distribution of Jungle Cat.jpg

African wildcat (F. lybica) Forster, 1780[11]
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File:AfricanWildcat distribution.jpg

Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) Burchell, 1824[13] File:Black-footed cat, Zoo Wuppertal, July 2009.jpg Script error: No such module "IUCN_status".[14]

File:Black-footedCat distribution.jpg

Sand cat (F. margarita) Loche, 1858[15] File:Persian sand CAT.jpg Script error: No such module "IUCN_status".[16]

File:SandCat distribution.jpg

Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Milne-Edwards, 1892[17] File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo croped.jpg Script error: No such module "IUCN_status".[18]

File:ChineseMountainCat distribution.jpg

Pocock accepted the Pallas's cat as the only member of the genus Otocolobus.[1] Other scientists consider it also a Felis species.[19]

Several scientists consider the Chinese mountain cat a subspecies of F. silvestris.[20]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of living Felis species are shown in the following cladogram:[2]

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Extinct Felis species

Extinct Felis species in the fossil record include:

Characteristics

Felis species have high and wide skulls, short jaws and narrow ears with short tufts, but without any white spots on the back of the ears. Their pupils contract to a vertical slit.[1] A black cat from Transcaucasia described in 1904 as F. daemon by Satunin[23] turned out to be a feral cat, probably a hybrid of wildcat and domestic cat.[24] The Kellas cat is a hybrid between domestic cat and European wildcat occurring in Scotland.[25]

The Corsican wildcat is considered to have been introduced to Corsica before the beginning of the 1st millennium.[26][27] A genetic study of a dozen individuals showed that they are closely related to the African wildcat originating in the Middle East.[28]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pocock, R. I. (1951). Catalogue of the genus Felis. London: British Museum of Natural History.
  2. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brien, S. J. (1998). "Patterns of Y and X chromosome DNA sequence divergence during the Felidae radiation". Genetics. 148 (3): 1245–1255. doi:10.1093/genetics/148.3.1245. PMC 1460026. PMID 9539439.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Valpy, F. E. J. (1828). "Felis". An Etymological Dictionary of the Latin Language. London: A. J. Valpy.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Felis". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latina). Vol. 1 (10th reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. pp. 42–44.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Clutton-Brock, J. (1999) [1987]. "Cats". A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 133–140. ISBN 978-0-521-63495-3. OCLC 39786571.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Die wilde Kaze" [The Wild Cat]. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (Dritter Theil). Erlangen: Expedition des Schreber'schen Säugthier- und des Esper'schen Schmetterlingswerkes. pp. 397–402.
  8. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Der Kirmyschak". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen (in Deutsch). Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp. 414–416.
  10. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Forster, G. R. (1780). "LIII. Der Karakal". Herrn von Büffons Naturgeschichte der vierfüssigen Thiere. Mit Vermehrungen, aus dem Französischen übersetzt. Sechster Band [Mr. von Büffon's Natural History of Quadrupeds. With additions, translated from French. Volume 6]. Berlin: Joachim Pauli. pp. 299–319.
  12. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Burchell, W. J. (1824). "Felis nigripes". Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, Vol. II. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. p. 592.
  14. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Loche, V. (1858). "Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Chat par M. le capitaine Loche" [Description of a new species of cat, Mr. Captain Loche]. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée. 2. X: 49–50.
  16. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Milne-Edwards, A. (1892). "Observations sur les mammifères du Thibet". Revue Générale des Sciences Pures et Appliquées. III: 670–671.
  18. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Genus Felis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 538. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Driscoll, C. A.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Roca, A. L.; Hupe, K.; Johnson, W. E.; Geffen, E.; Harley, E. H.; Delibes, M.; Pontier, D.; Kitchener, A. C.; Yamaguchi, N.; O'Brien, S. J.; Macdonald, D. W. (2007). "The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication" (PDF). Science. 317 (5837): 519–523. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..519D. doi:10.1126/science.1139518. PMC 5612713. PMID 17600185.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Martelli, A. (1906). "Su due Mustelidi e un Felide del Pliocene Toscano" [About two Mustelids and one Felid of Pliocene Toscana]. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana. 25: 595–612.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stach, Jan (1961). "On two carnivores from the Pliocene breccia of Węże". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 6 (4): 321–329.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Satunin, C. (1904). "The Black Wild Cat of Transcaucasia". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. II: 162–163. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1904.tb08325.x.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bukhnikashvili, A.; Yevlampiev, I. (eds.). Catalogue of the Specimens of Caucasian Large Mammalian Fauna in the Collection (PDF). Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kitchener, C.; Easterbee, N. (1992). "The taxonomic status of black wild felids in Scotland". Journal of Zoology. 227 (2): 342−346. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vigne, J.-D. (1992). "Zooarchaeology and the biogeographical history of the mammals of Corsica and Sardinia since the last ice age". Mammal Review. 22 (2): 87–96. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 17−20.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Saplakoglu, Y. (2019). "Meet the Cat-Fox, an Oddball Feline Roaming Around a French Island". Live Science. Retrieved 25 June 2019.

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