Help:IPA/Hebrew
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< Help:IPA
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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Biblical and Modern Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Since Modern Hebrew has different pronunciations in Israel, certain letters may be transcribed differently depending on the background of the speaker. See Biblical Hebrew phonology and Modern Hebrew phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Hebrew.
| BH | MH | Letter(s) | Romanization | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.בּ (Beť dǝgušah) | b | bet | |
| d | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.דּ (Daleť dǝgušah) | d | dark | |
| ð | d | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ד (Ďaleť rafah) | BH: ḏ MH: d |
BH: this MH: dark |
| dʒ[1][2] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ג׳ (Gimel with geresh) | j | joy | |
| ɸ | f | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.פ ף (Fei rafah) | BH: Script error: No such module "lang". MH: f |
fool |
| ɡ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.גּ (Gimel dǝgušah) | g | go | |
| ɣ | ɡ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ג (Ǧimel rafah) | BH: ḡ MH: g |
BH: No English equivalent; Arabic Ghayn (غ) MH: go |
| h | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ה (He), Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.הּ (He mappiq) | h | hen | |
| ħ | χ (ħ)[3] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ח (Ḥeť) | BH: ḥ MH: h or ch/kh |
BH: No English equivalent; Arabic ḥāʾ (ح) MH: Scottish loch |
| j | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.י (Yoď) | y | yes | |
| k | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.כּ ךּ (Kaf dǝgušah) |
k | skin | |
| l | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ל (Lameď) | l | left | |
| ɬ | s | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.שׂ (Sin semalith) | BH: ś MH: s |
BH: No English equivalent; Welsh llwyd MH: see |
| m | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.מ ם (Mem) | m | man | |
| n | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.נ ן (Nun) | n | no | |
| p | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.פּ (Pei dǝgušah) | p | spin | |
| q | k | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ק (Qof) | BH: q MH: k |
BH: No English equivalent; Arabic qāf (ق). MH: skin. |
| r | ʁ (r)[4] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ר (Resh) | r | BH: trilled or tapped run. MH: French rouge |
| s | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ס (Samekh) | s | see | |
| sˤ | ts[1] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.צ ץ (Ṣadi) | BH: ṣ MH: ts/tz |
BH: No English equivalent; Arabic ṣād (ص) MH: cats |
| ʃ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.שׁ (Šin Yemanit) | BH: š MH: sh |
she | |
| t | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.תּ (Taw) | t | sting | |
| tˤ | t | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ט (Ṭeť) | BH: ṭ MH: t |
BH: No English equivalent; Arabic ṭāʾ (ط) MH: sting |
| θ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ת (Ťaw) | BH: ṯ MH: t |
BH: thing MH: sting | |
| tʃ[1] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.צ׳ ץ׳ (Tsade with geresh) | ch | chair | |
| β | v | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ב (Veť rafah) |
BH: ḇ MH: v |
voice |
| w | v | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ו (Vav) | BH: w MH: v |
BH: would MH: voice |
| w[5] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.וו (double Vav) or Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ו (single Vav) | w | we | |
| x | χ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.כ ך (Ḵaf rafah) | BH: ḵ MH: ch/kh |
Scottish loch |
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ח׳[6] (Heth with geresh) | kh | |||
| z | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ז (Zayin) | z | zoo | |
| ʒ[2] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ז׳ (Zayin with geresh) | zh | beige | |
| ʕ | ʔ (ʕ)[3] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ע (Ayin) | BH: ʿ MH: ' |
BH: No English equivalent; Arabic 'ayn (ع) MH: uh-(ʔ)oh |
| ʔ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.א (Alef) |
BH: ʾ MH:' |
uh-(ʔ)oh | |
| IPA | Usual pronunciation | Letter(s) | Romanisation | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ð | d / z | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ד׳ (Dalet with geresh) | dh | the |
| ɣ | ʁ / ɡ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ע׳[7] (Ayin with geresh) or Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ר׳[7] (Resh with geresh) | gh | No English equivalent; Arabic Ghayn (غ) |
| ŋ | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.נג (Nun-Gimel) | ng | ring |
| θ | t / s | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ת׳[8] (Tav with geresh) | th | thing |
| TH | MH | Letter(s) | Romanization | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | File:Hebrew Patah.svg (Patach), File:Hataf Patah.svg (Hataf Patach) | TH: a, ă MH: a |
Scottish bath | |
| eː | Script error: No such module "IPA". (Script error: No such module "IPA".)[9] | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יFile:Hebrew Zeire.svg(Tzere-Yodh), File:Hebrew Zeire.svg (Zeire) | TH: ē MH: e or ei/ey |
TH: Scottish bay MH: bay |
| e̞ | Scottish bay | |||
| ɛ | File:Hebrew Segol.svg (Segol), File:Hataf Segol.svg (Hataf Segol) | TH: e, ĕ MH: e |
bed | |
| ə | e̞ (Script error: No such module "IPA".)[9] | File:Tilde Schwa.svg (Shva) | TH: e/ĕ MH: e or unwritten |
TH: comma MH: bed |
| ∅[10] | TH: comma MH: silent | |||
| i | File:Hebrew Hiriq.svg(Hiriq) | i | see | |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יFile:Hebrew Hiriq.svg(Hiriq-Yud) | TH: ī MH: i | |
| oː | o | File:Hebrew Holam.svg (Holam alone), Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.וֹ (with any mater lectionis) | TH: ō MH: o |
story |
| ɔ | File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz katan), File:Hataf Qamaz.svg (Hataf Kamatz) | TH: o, ŏ MH: o |
TH: off MH: story | |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | File:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz) | TH: ā MH: a |
TH: off MH: Scottish bath |
| u | File:Hebrew Backslash Qubuz.svg (Kubutz) | u | cool | |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.וּ (Vav with shuruk) | TH: ū MH: u | |
| IPA | Letter(s) | Romanization | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוֹFile:Hebrew Patah.svg (Patach-Holam), Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוֹFile:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz-Holam) | ao | cow |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוּFile:Hebrew Patah.svg (Patach-Shuruk), Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוּFile:Hebrew Qamaz.svg (Kamatz-Shuruk) | au | |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוּFile:Hebrew Segol.svg (Segol-Shuruk), Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוּFile:Hebrew Zeire.svg (Tzere-Shuruk) | eu | no (some dialects[11]) |
| Script error: No such module "IPA". | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.וֹאוּ (Holam-Shuruk) | ou | goal |
| IPA | Explanation |
|---|---|
| ˈ | Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אֹכֶל ('food') Script error: No such module "IPA"., Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אוֹכֵל ('eating' [participle]) Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| ˌ | Secondary stress, e.g. Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.הַאֻמְנָם? ('oh, really?') Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| ː | Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign Script error: No such module "IPA".: the word for "hand" would be Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יָד Script error: No such module "IPA". in absolute state and Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יַד־ Script error: No such module "IPA". in construct state.[12] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.גַּנָּב ('a thief') Script error: No such module "IPA". not Script error: No such module "IPA". |
Notes
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ a b c Script error: No such module "IPA". are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA Script error: No such module "IPA". respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
- ^ a b /dʒ/ and /ʒ/ are sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between them (mostly Russian and Arabic speakers).
- ^ a b In Modern Israeli Hebrew, Script error: No such module "IPA". have merged with Script error: No such module "IPA". respectively, but are still distinguished by some Sephardi, Mizrahi and Arab speakers.
- ^ The sound is uvular for most speakers, but some speakers, mostly Sefardim, Mizrahim, Arab Israelis, Jews from the former USSR and Ethiopian Jews (in the 20th century also news broadcasters and singers) retain an alveolar pronunciation: [r]~[ɾ].
- ^ Appears in new loanwords: Script error: No such module "Lang". /wala/ "Wow!, really?, you don't say!, no kidding!". In some old loanwords that originally had /w/, it was approximated to Script error: No such module "IPA".: Script error: No such module "Lang". /vadi/ "Wadi".
- ^ Only appears in transliterations from Arabic script to transliterate the letter Ḫāʾ (خ)
- ^ a b Only appears in transliterations from Arabic script to transliterate the letter Ghayn (غ).
- ^ ת׳ is sometimes used for both /ð/ and /θ/ (in words from English) either by speakers who don't hear a distinction between them or as an equivalent to the Th digraph of English which is also used for both sounds.
- ^ a b Some conservative speakers pronounce it /e/ like in Sephardi Hebrew
- ^ Modern Hebrew typically elides shva in situations where it can be comfortably omitted in common speech, creating consonant clusters that would otherwise not be permitted in older varieties of Hebrew.
- ^ These dialects include Southern England (including Received Pronunciation), English Midlands, Australian, New Zealand, the Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger Californian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of American, Northern England, Welsh, Scottish and Irish English, have no close equivalent vowel.
- ^ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.
See also
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