Patach
Template:Short description Template:Refimprove
| Script error: No such module "lang". | |
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ַ | |
| IPA | [a] or [ä] |
| Transliteration | a |
| English approximation | far |
| Same sound | qamatz |
| Example | |
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.גַּם | |
| The word for also in Hebrew, gam. The first and only vowel (under Gimel, the horizontal line) is a pataḥ. | |
| Other Niqqud | |
| Shwa · Hiriq · Tzere · Segol · Pataḥ · Kamatz · Holam · Dagesh · Mappiq · Shuruk · Kubutz · Rafe · Sin/Shin Dot | |
Pataḥ (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Biblical Hebrew: Script error: No such module "lang".) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by a horizontal line ⟨ Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אַ ⟩ underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /a/ which is close to the "[a]" sound in the English word far and is transliterated as an a.
In Modern Hebrew, a Script error: No such module "lang". makes the same sound as a qamatz, as does the Script error: No such module "lang". (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA"., "reduced Script error: No such module "lang"."). The reduced (or Script error: No such module "lang".) niqqud exist for Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "lang"., and Script error: No such module "lang". which contain a Script error: No such module "lang". next to it.
In Yiddish orthography, a pataḥ (called pasekh in Yiddish) has two uses. The combination of pasekh with the letter aleph, Script error: No such module "Lang"., is used to represent the vowel [a]; the combination of pasekh with a digraph consisting of two yods, Script error: No such module "Lang"., is used to represent the diphthong [aj].
Etymology
The pataḥ name comes from the verb פָּתַח (pataḥ) 'to open', because the vowel's pronunciation, the "[a]" sound, requires the mouth to be opened wide.[1]
Pronunciation
The following table contains the pronunciation and transliteration of the different Script error: No such module "lang".s in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The letters Bet ⟨Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ב⟩ and Het ⟨Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ח⟩ used in this table are only for demonstration, any letter can be used.
| Symbol | Name | Pronunciation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israeli | Ashkenazi | Sephardi | Yemenite | Tiberian | Reconstructed | |||
| Mishnaic | Biblical | |||||||
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.בַ | Script error: No such module "lang". | [a] | [ä] | [ä] | [a] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.בַא, Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.בַה | Script error: No such module "lang". | [a] | [ä] | [ä] | [a] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.חֲ | Script error: No such module "lang". | [a] | [ä] | [ä] | [a] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
A Script error: No such module "lang". on a letter Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ח, Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ע, or Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.הּ (that is, Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ה with a dot (mappiq) in it) at the end of a word is sounded before the letter, and not after. Thus, Script error: No such module "Lang". (Noah; properly transliterated as Script error: No such module "lang".) is pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". in Modern Hebrew and Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA". in Biblical Hebrew. This only occurs at the ends of words, only with pataḥ and only with these three letters. This is sometimes called a Script error: No such module "lang"., or "stolen" Script error: No such module "lang". (more formally, "furtive Script error: No such module "lang"."), since the sound "steals" an imaginary epenthetic consonant to make the extra syllable.
Vowel length comparison
By adding two vertical dots (shva) the vowel is made very short. However, these vowels lengths are not manifested in Modern Hebrew.
| Vowel comparison table | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vowel Length | IPA | Transliteration | English approximation | ||
| Long | Short | Very short | |||
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content. ָ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content. ַ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content. ֲ | [a] | a | spa |
| Script error: No such module "lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Reduced Script error: No such module "lang". | |||
Unicode encoding
| Glyph | Unicode | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content. ַ | U+05B7 | PATAH |
| Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content. ֲ | U+05B2 | HATAF PATAH |
See also
- Niqqud
- Qamatz
- Fathah, the related diacritic in Arabic
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."שמות סימני הניקוד - האקדמיה ללשון העברית" (in עברית). 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2026-01-29.
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