Longyan
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Longyan
龙岩市 Lungyen | |
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| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Clockwise from top: Longyan City, Chuxi tulou cluster in Yongding District, the ancient city walls in Changting County, Zhangdi village, and a night view from inside a tulou. | |
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| Country | China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Municipal seat | Xinluo |
| Area | |
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| Population (2020) | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population (2020) | |
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| • Urban | Template:Fix comma category |
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| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 287 billion US$ 41.6 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 105,548 US$ 16,575 |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (CST) |
| Postal code | 364000, 366000 |
| Template:Pluralize from text | 597Template:Pluralize from text |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-FJ-08 |
| License plate | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| Administrative division code | 350800 |
| Local dialect | Longyan Min and Hakka Chinese |
| Website | Longyan.gov.cn |
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Longyan (simplified Chinese: 龙岩; traditional Chinese: 龍巖; pinyin: <phonos file="Long2yan2.ogg">Lóngyán</phonos>; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lêng-nâ or Liong-nâ; lit. 'dragon rock'; Hakka: Liùng-ngàm; Longyan dialect: Liông-nâ [lioŋ¹¹ nã¹¹]) is a prefecture-level city in south-western Fujian Province, China, bordering Guangdong to the south and Jiangxi to the west.
History
In 736 AD (during the Tang dynasty), the prefecture of Tingzhou was established in western Fujian, or Minxi (Script error: No such module "Lang".), administering Changting, Huanglian and Xinluo counties. Six years later Xinluo was named Longyan for the nearby cavern, a famous scenic site.[3]
Due to the ancient conflicts in central China and aggression from northern tribes, many Han people moved from central China to Longyan.
In 1734, the Hokkien-speaking counties of Longyan city and Zhangping were ceded from Zhangzhou to form the Longyan Prefecture within the Hakka peasant Tingzhou prefecture, a typical Hakka peasant society culturally distinct from the Minnanese by the imperial court. In 1913, it reverted to its former name Longyan County and in 1981, Longyan City was established.
Minxi was a strategic base during the Chinese Civil War.
It is said[by whom?] that tens of thousands of people were recruited from the Hakka peasantry from the western Longyan to join the PLA during the Chinese Civil War, and nearly every Hakka family had someone sacrificed lives on behalf of CCP side especially during Mao's early purges in Tingzhou and Ganzhou which killed roughly 700,0000 Hakka people and some ethnic minorities. There are more than 26,000 locals that took part in the Long March which in total was carried out by 86,000. Moreover, during 1955 and 1968, 68 people from Longyan were awarded Brigadier General or above, which accounts for 82% of all generals from Fujian province at the time, therefore, Longyan is also named as "The Home of Generals".[citation needed]
Environment
Unlike many Chinese cities, the forest coverage of Longyan reaches an unusually high 77.9%, which is unparalleled in Fujian province.[4] Meihuashan National Nature Reserve, a part of the China Biosphere Reserve Network, is located in Longyan.
Goby Rhinogobius longyanensis was first described from Longyan and named after it.[5] Presumably also the prehistoric bivalve Claraia longyanensis got its name from Longyan.[6]
Geography and climate
Longyan is situated in the upper reaches of the Jiulong and Ting Rivers. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Sanming to the north, Quanzhou to the east, Zhangzhou to the southeast, Meizhou (Guangdong) to the southwest, and Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the west and northwest.[7]
Longyan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with short, mild winters, and long, hot and humid summers. Despite its inland location, the city's summers rank among the mildest in the province, averaging lower than even Xiamen and the islands of Pingtan County, both of which receive significant maritime moderation.[8] Rainfall is greatest in spring and early summer and at its least in autumn and early winter.
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Demographics
The prefecture-level city of Longyan had a population of 2,559,545 inhabitants as of 2010, according to the 2010 National Census.[11] The population of Longyan in 2010 was 4.65% inferior than in 2000 (when the inhabitants of the city stand at 2,684,310), giving an average annual rate of growth of -0.47%.[11]
Administration
The municipal executive, legislature, and judiciary are in Xinluo District (Script error: No such module "Lang".), together with the CPC and Public Security Bureau.[12] The information about population uses the 2010 Census data.
| Map | ||||||
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| English name | Simplified | Pinyin | Hakka | Area | Population | Density |
| Xinluo District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Xīnluó Qū | Sîn-lò-khî | 2,685 | 662,429 | 247 |
| Yongding District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Yǒngdìng Qū | Yún-thin-khî | 2,216 | 362,658 | 164 |
| Zhangping City | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Zhāngpíng Shì | Chông-phìn-sṳ | 2,975 | 240,194 | 81 |
| Changting County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Chángtīng Xiàn | Tshòng-tin-yen | 3,099 | 393,390 | 127 |
| Liancheng County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Liánchéng Xiàn | Lièn-sàng-yen | 2,596 | 248,645 | 96 |
| Shanghang County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Shàngháng Xiàn | Sông-hông-yen | 2,879 | 374,047 | 130 |
| Wuping County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Wǔpíng Xiàn | Vú-phìn-yen | 2,630 | 278,182 | 106 |
Culture
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Longyan is inhabited by Hoklo people and Hakka peasants. The Hoklo people live in the urban areas and cities of Xinluo and Zhangping districts in the eastern Longyan prefecture and speak Longyan Min while Hakka peasants live in rural village areas of the countryside of the western part of the prefecture, making western Longyan famous for being named as the "Home of Hakka People".[4] The rural county of Changting is often referred to as the home of the Hakka, while the Ting River is known as the "mother river" of the Hakka people.
Longyan is a recent artificial construct of the Chinese government, having never been united together before the creation of Modern China. The two culturally distinct and separate Hoklo eastern city areas and Hakka western rural peasant areas have almost nothing in common in terms of language, culture and living habits, and were only forcibly merged into a single administrative region recently in history by the communist government.
Economy
Longyan serves as a strategic center for the distribution of goods to Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. It also acts as a gateway for trade with Guangdong and Jiangxi province. It is the main connection between the inland and coastal area.
Longyan is rich in natural resources such as important mineral deposits and forest zones. The Septwolves tobacco business is an important contributor to the local economy, as is the Zijin Mining group. The largest construction equipment maker Lonking Holdings is based in the city.
Transport
- Liancheng Guanzhaishan Airport
- The main railway station is Longyan railway station, which is a junction between the Longyan-Xiamen Railway (high-speed line opened in 2012), Ganzhou–Longyan Railway, and Zhangping–Longchuan railway.
- China National Highway 319
- G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway
Sister and friendship cities
Longyan has established a friendship city agreement with Wollongong, Australia since 2001. The connection includes many economic development initiatives, cultural and educational exchanges between primary schools and universities in both cities.[13]
Notable people from Longyan
- Zheng Xiaoying (b. 1929), the very first woman conductor in China.
- Chen Hong (b. 1979), number 1 badminton player on the world-ranking list from 2002 to 2003.
- Deng Zihui (1896–1972), former Chinese vice premier (1951–1965), one of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party.
- Huang Kunming (b. 1956), member of the 19th Politburo of China Communist Party.
- Lin Dan (b. 1983), gold medalist at the 2012 and 2008 Summer Olympics, top-ranked badminton player on the world ranking list from 2004 to 2008.
- Ong Schan Tchow (1900–1945), artist whose exhibitions in China and South-eastern Asia raised funds for the war relief effort and civilian victims of the Second Sino-Japanese War
- Shi Zhiyong (b. 1980), weightlifter, gold medalist at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Yang Chengwu (1914–2004), general of the People's Liberation Army.
- Zeng Jinyan (b. 1983), blogger and human rights activist.
- Zhang Dingcheng (1898 – December 16, 1981), Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate from 1954 to 1975.[14]
- Zhang Xiangxiang (b. 1983), weightlifter, gold medalist at the 2008 Summer Olympics and bronze medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
- Zhang Yiming (b. 1983), Internet entrepreneur, founder of ByteDance, second-richest person in China.
- Lin Shen (b. 1980), actor, born in Beijing with ancestral roots in Longyan.
- Wang Xing (b. 1979), Internet entrepreneur, founder of Meituan-Dianping.
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.2008年行政区划 (in 中文（简体）). Longyan Municipal Statistic Bureau. 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.福建省统计局、国家统计局福建调查总队 (August 2021). 《福建统计年鉴－2021》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-9510-7. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Longyan GoverNment. "Longyan History". Longyan Government.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.市情特点. Longyan People's Government.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."†Claraia longyanensis Chen 1976 (clam)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Longyan GoverNment. "Natural Geography". Longyan Government.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.龙岩城市介绍. Weather China (in 中文（中国大陆）).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in 中文（简体）). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in 中文（简体）). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ a b Template:In lang Longyan Statistic Bureau. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Longyan Government. "Administrative Division". Longyan Government.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sister Cities". wollongong.nsw.gov.au. 24 January 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Wilson Center Digital Archive". digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
External links
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- English Guide to Longyan
- Government website of Longyan Template:In lang
- Longyan University
- Guide to Longyan Tour Sites
- Fujian's Hakka Earthen Roundhouses
- Website of Longyan Template:In lang
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