Nazran
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Nazran (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is the largest city in Ingushetia, Russia. It served as the republic's capital from 1991 to 2000, until it was replaced by Magas, which was built for this purpose. It is the most populous city in the republic, with a population of 122,350 in the 2021 census.
Etymology
The name of the town, possibly, derives from the name of the legendary first settler Nyasar (Template:Langx, also referred as Närt-Näsar Template:Langx).Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[a]
The town is associated by Leonid Lavrov with the Arabic word "al nasaraa" (Script error: No such module "Lang".),[b] meaning "Christian", because supposedly Christianity held on for longer in Nazran than in other neighboring places in Ingushetia. Lavrov said that Muslims were already present here in 1405–1406.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Vladimir Markovin also stated that the name of Nazran has an Arabic origin while quoting Lavrov.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[c]
History
18th–20th centuries
The aul of Nazran was founded in the late 18th century,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. with the official date of the foundation being considered 1781.[1] This is based on the report of L. L. Shteder, who during his expedition to Caucasus in 1781, noticed Ingush outposts on the river of Nazranka.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. After becoming a military fortress in 1817, Nazran saw large numbers of Ingush population moving into it. It was granted town status in 1967.[1]
During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nazranovsky Okrug of the Terek Oblast. During the Soviet period, Nazran was the administrative center of Nazranovsky District within the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic were separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to the 1989 Census,[2] during the 2002 Census Nazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants.[3]
21st century
2004 rebel raid on Nazran
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In 2004, a group of Chechen and Ingush militants[4] carried out a large-scale raid on Ingushetia, led by Shamil Basayev. The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west.
The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the assailants – said to number 200 to 300 – withdrew almost unscathed; the raiders apparently lost only two men during the attacks. The rebels killed 67 members of security forces, including the republic's Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiev, top prosecutors, and other officials; they also captured and looted the MVD's armory and police depots. 25 civilians, including a local United Nations worker, were killed in the crossfire.
Federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev met with General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the commander of Russia's Interior Ministry forces, and blamed them for the high number of deaths. Tikhomirov decided to resign after the meeting.
2008 protests
Widespread protests erupted in January 2008, with a strong government response. The disturbances appear to have been fueled by heavy-handed government and para-military activity, including abductions, arrests and murders.[5] Protesters demanded the resignation of President Zyazikov.
2009 bombing
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In August 2009, a suicide bomber drove a truck filled with explosives into the Nazran police headquarters. Russian news agencies reported that 25 were killed in the attack, and roughly 140 were wounded. It is believed that more bodies may still be in the rubble, yet to be found. The police headquarters was completely destroyed in the attack, including up to 30 police vehicles and munition stores.[6]
Geography
Location
Nazran is located in the western area of Ingushetia, at the borders with Prigorodny Raion of North Ossetia-Alania. It also borders the raion of Nazranovsky; and the nearest settlements are Ekazhevo, the new town of Magas, and Barsuki. It is 27 km from the North Ossetian-Alanian capital city, Vladikavkaz, 19 from Karabulak and 54 from Malgobek.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nazran serves as the administrative center of Nazranovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[citation needed] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Nazran—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[citation needed] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nazran is incorporated as Nazran Urban Okrug.[7]
Climate
Nazran has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb). Script error: No such module "weather box".
Transportation
Nazran is located on the M29 federal highway and has a railway station on the Rostov-on-Don–Baku line. Magas Airport serves the city and the near town of Magas.
Sport
FC Angusht Nazran is the city's association football club. Its home ground is the Rashid Aushev Central Stadium.
Twin cities
- Template:Flagicon Kislovodsk, Russia.[9]
Gallery
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Notes
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- ^ Alimbek Kurkiev who held this point of view, did not rule out the possibility of certain connection of 'Nazran' with the mineral water Narzan, found in present-day Stavropol Krai, or with the Kabardian name of Kislovodsk, Script error: No such module "lang". (Template:Langx).Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
- ^ In Russian transliteration of Leonid Lavrov насрāнӣй.
- ^ Markovin used this as one of the arguments that the spread Christianity by Georgians had strong influence on Chechens and Ingush, in particularly their culture and language.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."General Information" (in russian). Irkutsk Oblast. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета Рбк, ed. (December 17, 2019). Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014. Litres. p. 3. ISBN 9785457744660 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Clashes erupt at Ingushetia rally" (BBC News, January 26, 2008)
- ^ "Bombing kills 20 in Russian republic of Ingushetia" (Los Angeles Times, August 18, 2009)
- ^ Law #5-RZ
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Climate: Nazran". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Nazran". aksakal.info. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
Bibliography
German sources
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peter Simon Pallas (1797). Tagebuch einer Reise die im Jahr 1781 von der Granzfestung Mosdok nach dem innern Caucasus unternommen worden [Diary of a journey made in 1781 from the Grand Fortress of Mozdok to the inner Caucasus] (in Deutsch). St. Petersburg und Leipzig: Ben Johann Zacharias Logan. pp. 1–142.
Russian sources
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Администрация города Назрань (April 3, 2024). "Наш город Назрань" [Our city Nazran]. www.nazrangrad.ru (in русский).
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Алироев, И. Ю. (1978). Вопросы отраслевой лексики [Questions of industry vocabulary] (in нохчийн, гӀалгӀай, and русский). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушский гос. унив. pp. 1–131.
- Template:Cite periodical
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Жуков, Е. М.; et al., eds. (1964). "Двинск—Индонезия" [Dvinsk—Indonesia]. Советская историческая энциклопедия. Vol. 5. М.: Советская энциклопедия. col. 1–960.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kurkiev, A. S. (1978). "Вопросы ингушской антропонимики" [Questions of Ingush anthroponymy]. In Aliroev, I. Yu.; Selimov, A. A.; Shekurova, V. G.; Bibulatov, N. S. (eds.). Вопросы отраслевой лексики [Questions of industry vocabulary] (in русский). Grozny: ChIGU. pp. 19–35.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kurkiev, A. S. (1979). Основные вопросы лексикологии ингушского языка [The main questions of the lexicology of the Ingush language] (in русский). Grozny: ChIKI. pp. 1–254.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Markovin, V. I. (1987). "О христианизации горцев северо-восточного Кавказа и храме Датуна в Дагестане" [On the Christianization of the Highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus and the Temple of Datong in Dagestan]. In Magomedov, D. M.; Mammaev, M. M. (eds.). Художественная культура средневекового Дагестана: сборник статей [Artistic culture of medieval Dagestan: collection of articles] (PDF) (in русский). Makhachkala: DF AN SSSR. pp. 37–48.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lavrov, L. I. (1966). Bolshakov, O. G.; Gardanov; et al. (eds.). Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа X—XVII вв. [Epigraphic monuments of the North Caucasus in the 10th–17th centuries]. Памятники письменности Востока (in русский). Vol. 1. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 1–299.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Поспелов, Е. М. (2008). Географические названия России. Топонимический словарь [Geographical names of Russia. Toponymic Dictionary] (in русский). Москва: АСТ, Астрель. pp. 1–523. ISBN 978-5-17-054966-5.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Сулейманов, А. С. (1980). Лепиев, А. С. (ed.). Часть III: (Предгорная равнина Чечено-Ингушетии) [Part 3: (Piedmont plain of Checheno-Ingushetia)]. Топонимия Чечено-Ингушетии: в IV частях (1976–1985 гг.) (in русский). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство. pp. 1–220.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Твёрдый, А. В. (2008). Макаренко, Ю. Г. (ed.). Кавказ в именах, названиях, легендах: опыт топонимического словаря [Caucasus in names, titles, legends: Toponymic Dictionary Experience] (in русский). Краснодар: Платонов И. pp. 1–432. ISBN 978-5-89564-044-9.
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Documents
- Script error: No such module "Lang". (People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia. Law #5-RZ of February 23, 2009 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Ingushetia and on Granting Them the Status of a Rural Settlement, Municipal District, and Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #9-RZ of March 4, 2014 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Ingushetia "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Ingushetia and on Granting Them the Status of a Rural Settlement, Municipal District, and Urban Okrug". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
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