Neil Harbisson

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Neil Harbisson (27 July 1982) is a Catalan-raised[1] British-Irish[2] cyborg artist and cyborg rights advocate who has been described as the world's first legally recognised cyborg[3] and as the world's first cyborg artist.[4][5] International attention grew after he received permission to appear in his UK passport photo with an antenna implanted in his skull, a device he considers a new sensory organ.[6] His artistic and activist work centres on expanded perception, the development of artificial senses and the rights of people with technologically extended bodies.[7]

Since 2004, Harbisson has used his antenna to perceive colour—including infrared and ultraviolet—through audible vibrations transmitted via bone conduction.[8] The device can also receive images, colour data, and signals from external sources, including the internet.[9]

In 2010, he co-founded the Cyborg Foundation, an organisation dedicated to defending cyborg rights, supporting people seeking to extend their senses, and promoting cyborg art.[10][11] In 2017, he co-founded the Transpecies Society, which advocates for self-design and recognition of individuals with non-human identities or sensory systems.[12]

Early life

Harbisson was born to a Spanish mother and a Northern Irish father.[13] He was born with achromat vision.[14] Raised in Barcelona where he studied piano and began composing at the age of 11.[15][16] During his secondary studies he obtained permission to complete all visual coursework in black and white.[17][18][19]

As a teenager, he became involved in environmental activism,[20] notably participating in a tree-protection campaign that drew significant community support.[21][22] At the age of 19, he moved to England to study composition at Dartington College of Arts.[23]

Works

Harbisson describes his practice as cyborg art, a discipline focused on creating and integrating new senses and organs into the human body.[24] He has also referred to this approach as perceptionism, emphasising the design of new perceptual systems rather than external objects.[25] Within this framework, the artist, artwork, medium, and audience merge; the sensory extension itself is considered the artwork, and the artist’s lived experience constitutes the creative act.[26]

Artificial Senses (AS)

Harbisson’s practice centres on the design and permanent integration of artificial senses—technologically mediated sensory systems intended to expand human perception beyond conventional biological limits.[27] These devices are treated as sensory organs rather than external tools.

Cyborg Antenna

The cyborg antenna is a permanently implanted sensory device extending from the back of his head.[28] Originally developed in 2003 with Adam Montandon[29] and later refined by Peter Kese and Matias Lizana, the antenna transposes colour frequencies into vibrations transmitted through the skull.[30] It detects visible and non-visible wavelengths, including infrared and ultraviolet. It can connect to external devices or satellites to receive additional signals.[31][5]

After several ethics committees rejected the procedure, the implant surgery was performed anonymously.[32] Harbisson has allowed individuals to transmit colours and images directly to his head and has stated that these inputs can influence his dreams.[33] The first public demonstration of a skull-transmitted image was broadcast live on Al Jazeera's The Stream.[34] The first person to make a phone call directly into his skull was Ruby Wax.[35]

In 2014 he created what was described as the first “skull-transmitted painting,” receiving live colour signals from Times Square and accurately reproducing them on canvas before an audience at The Red Door.[36][37]

Sense of Time: Solar Crown

The Solar Crown is a sensory device for the sense of time. A rotating point of heat takes 24 hours to slowly orbit around the head.[38] When the point of heat is felt in the middle of the forehead it is midday solar time in London (longitude 0°), when the heat reaches the right ear it is midday in New Orleans (longitude 90°).[39] When the brain gets accustomed to the passage of time on the head, modifying time perception can be explored by altering the speed of rotation.[40] Harbisson states that in the same way we can create optical illusions because we have eyes for the sense of sight, we should be able to create time illusions if we have an organ for the sense of time.[41] If time illusions work, he will then be able to stretch or control his perception of time, age, and time travel.[42]

Transdental Communication System: BlueTOOTH (Bluetooth Tooth)

The transdental communication system is composed of two teeth, each containing a bluetooth enabled button and a mini vibrator.[43] Whenever the button is pressed it sends a vibration to the other person's tooth.[44] One tooth was installed in Harbisson's mouth and the other tooth in Moon Ribas's mouth. Both Harbisson and Ribas know how to communicate in morse code, therefore they are able to communicate from tooth to tooth.[45] The first demonstration of the system was presented in São Paulo.[46]

Music

Harbisson studied musical composition at Dartington College of Arts. During this period he coined the term cyborg music to describe a musical practice generated through cybernetic sensory extensions.[47][48]

Cyborg music

File:Color Concert by Neil Harbisson.jpg
Neil Harbisson conducting a colour concert (a performance in which colours are converted into sound using his implanted antenna) at Palau de la Musica Catalana, Barcelona (2014)[49]

Cyborg music is defined as music produced from internal perceptual experiences generated by devices integrated into the body, rather than exclusively through external acoustic vibrations.[50] Within this framework, data such as colour frequencies or environmental information can be converted into neural stimuli through implanted systems, generating internal tonal perceptions.[51] The body and brain thus function as both instrument and performance space.[52]

An example of this approach is Concerto for Piano No. 1, a composition based on the translation of colours into sound through his implanted antenna. In this work, the phrase "I am playing the piano" was painted onto the piano using differently coloured letters.[53] Each colour was converted into correspondening sonic frequencies via the antenna, generating an internally perceived composition. The resulting work was not audible to the audience, situating it as a case of music generated exclusively as an internal perceptual experience.[53]

He later developed Pianoborg Concerto, a piece for prepared piano incorporating a system that transforms colours into sound frequencies and allows the externalisation of sound through the wood of the instrument itself.[54]

He has collaborated with Icelandic violinist and singer Maria Huld Markan Sigfúsdóttir[55] and with Catalan musician Pau Riba, with whom he shared an interest in cyborgs.[56] Their performances began at the Sala Luz de Gas in Barcelona, followed by others in Barcelona,[57] Cadaqués[58] and Mataró.[59][60]

Performances and exhibitions

File:Neil Harbisson Exhibition.jpg
Sonochromatic Records exhibited at Pioneer Works, New York (2014)

Harbisson's artwork has been ranked together with the works of Yoko Ono and Marina Abramović as one of the 10 most shocking art performances ever.[61] His work is focused on the creation of new senses and the creation of external artworks through these new senses.[62]

His main works have been exhibited during the 54th Venice Biennale[63] at Palazzo Foscari (Venice, Italy),[64] Savina Museum of Contemporary Art (Seoul, South Korea),[65] Museumsquartier (Vienna, Austria), CCCB,[66] Pioneer Works (New York, USA),[67] ArtScience Museum (Singapore)[68] Centre d'Art Santa Mònica (Barcelona, Spain),[69] Pollock Gallery,[70] Fake Me Hard (Niet Normaal INT),[71] and at the American Visionary Art Museum,[72] among others.[73][74]

Harbisson has created a series of "Sound Portraits" by standing in front of a person and pointing his antenna at different parts of the face, writing down the different notes he hears and later creating a sound file. He has created live portraits of Philip Glass,[75] Robert De Niro, Al Pacino,[76] Iris Apfel, Oliver Stone, Steve Reich, Bono, Buzz Aldrin, Solange, Bill Viola, Prince Charles, Woody Allen,[77] Antoni Tàpies, Leonardo DiCaprio, Judi Dench,[78] Moby, James Cameron,[79] Peter Brook, Al Gore, Tim Berners-Lee, Macy Gray, Gael García Bernal,[80] Alfonso Cuarón, Ryoji Ikeda, Gabriel Byrne,[81] Prince Albert II of Monaco,[82] Steve Wozniak,[83] Oliver Sacks, and Giorgio Moroder, among others.[84]

Harbisson's "Colour Scores"[85] are a series of paintings based on the transposition of sounds, music or voices into colour.[86]

In 2009, Harbisson published the Human Colour Wheel based on the hue and light detected on hundreds of human skins from 2004 to 2009.[87] The aim of the study was to state that humans are not black or white, but are different shades of orange - from very dark orange to very light orange.[88]

Under the title Capital Colours,[89][90] Harbisson has exhibited the dominant colours of different cities he has visited.[91][92] He scans the colours of each city until he is able to represent it with at least two hues.[93][94]

Media

Harbisson has contributed significantly to the public awareness of cyborgs, transpecies, artificial senses, and human evolution by giving regular public lectures at universities, conferences and LAN parties sometimes to audiences of thousands.[95] He has taken part in science, music, fashion, and art festivals[96] such as the British Science Festival,[97] TEDGlobal,[98] London Fashion Week,[99] and Sónar[100] among others.[101] He has become a trending topic on Twitter[102] in several occasions.[103][104][105] In 2013, a short film about Neil Harbisson[106] won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival's Focus Forward Filmmakers Competition.[107] Since 2014, a short fictional film about Harbisson's life is being filmed.[108][109] In 2015, Hearing Colors, a black and white documentary about Harbisson in New York became a Vimeo "Staff Pick" and became the winner of New York's Tribeca Film Festival X Award in 2016.

He has appeared on documentaries by Discovery Channel,[110] Documentos TV [es],[111] Redes [es]; in specific documentaries about his life[112][113] and on a number of chat shows including NBC's Last Call with Carson Daly,[114] Richard & Judy, Buenafuente,[115] and Fantástico.[116] He has taken part in radio shows on New York's Public Radio International,[117] BBC World Service,[118] Cadena SER,[119] and has contributed in newspapers and magazines[120][121] such as The New York Times,[122] The New Scientist,[123] Wired,[124] and The Scientist,[125] among others.[126][30]

Harbisson appears in Adam Green's Aladdin, an independent film directed by Adam Green and starring Macaulay Culkin, Natasha Lyonne and Francesco Clemente among others.[127]

Activism

File:Neil Harbisson at the Science Museum (London).jpg
Neil Harbisson giving a talk at the Science Museum, London, 2015

In 2004, Harbisson's British passport renewal was rejected. The UK Passport Office would not allow him to appear with an electronic device on his head. Harbisson wrote back explaining that he identified as a cyborg and that his antenna should be treated as an organ, not a device. After weeks of correspondence, Harbisson's photo was accepted.[128][87]

In 2011, during a demonstration in Barcelona, Harbisson's antenna was damaged by police who believed they were being filmed.[129][130] Harbisson filed a complaint of physical aggression, not as damage to personal property, as he considers the antenna to be a body part.[131][failed verification]

Collaborations

File:Republica 2013 - How to become a Cyborg.webm
2013 talk from Harbisson and Moon Ribas: Life with extra Senses - How to become a Cyborg

Harbisson has collaborated extensively with his childhood friend and cyborg artist Moon Ribas in performances[132][133] and art projects.[134] His first performances as a cyborg were at Dartington College of Arts, using pianos[54] and collaborating with other students.[135] He has performed with artist Pau Riba with whom he shared the same interest in cyborgs.[136] They first performed in Barcelona followed by other performances.[137][138] One of their projects is Avigram.[139]

See also

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References

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  138. ^ Bueno, Vern "Una performance porta 99 nous el dia 9 del 9, de 9 del matí a 9 de la nit" Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Capgròs, 8 September 2009.
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