Pepstatin
Script error: No such module "For". Page Template:Chembox/styles.css has no content.
Template:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox Datapage check| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
Pepstatin A; Isovaleryl-Val-Val-Sta-Ala-Sta-OH
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| ChEBI | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| ChemSpider | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| EC Number | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| KEGG | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
PubChem CID
|
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| RTECS number | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| UNII | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C34H63N5O9 | |
| Molar mass | 685.904 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Template:Chembox Footer/trackingTemplate:Short description
Pepstatin is a potent inhibitor of aspartyl proteases. It is a hexa-peptide containing the unusual amino acid statine (Sta, (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid), having the sequence isovaleryl-Val-Val-Sta-Ala-Sta (Iva-Val-Val-Sta-Ala-Sta).[1] It was originally isolated from cultures of various species of Actinomyces[1] due to its ability to inhibit pepsin at picomolar concentrations.[2] It was later found to inhibit nearly all acid proteases with high potency and, as such, has become a valuable research tool, as well as a common constituent of protease inhibitor cocktails.
Pepstatin A is well known to be an inhibitor of aspartic proteases such as pepsin, cathepsins D and E. Except for its role as a protease inhibitor, however, the pharmacological action of pepstatin A upon cells remain unclear. Pepstatin A suppresses receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)–induced osteoclast differentiation. Pepstatin A suppresses the formation of multinuclear osteoclasts dose-dependently. This inhibition of the formation only affected osteoclast cells, i.e., not osteoblast-like cells. Furthermore, pepstatin A also suppresses differentiation from pre-osteoclast cells to mononuclear osteoclast cells dose-dependently. This inhibition seems to be independent of the activities of proteases such as cathepsin D, because the formation of osteoclasts was not suppressed with the concentration that inhibited the activity of cathepsin D. Cell signaling analysis indicated that the phosphorylation of ERK was inhibited in pepstatin A-treated cells, while the phosphorylation of IκB and Akt showed almost no change. Furthermore, pepstatin A decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). These results suggest that pepstatin A suppresses the differentiation of osteoclasts through the blockade of ERK signaling and the inhibition of NFATc1 expression.[citation needed]
Pepstatin is practically insoluble in water, chloroform, ether, and benzene, however it can be dissolved in methanol, ethanol, and DMSO with acetic acid,[3] to between 1 and 5 mg/ml.
See also
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Umezawa H, Aoyagi T, Morishima H, Matsuzaki M, Hamada M (1970). "Pepstatin, a new pepsin inhibitor produced by Actinomycetes". J. Antibiot. 23 (5): 259–62. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.23.259. PMID 4912600.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marciniszyn J, Hartsuck JA, Tang J (1976). "Mode of inhibition of acid proteases by pepstatin". J. Biol. Chem. 251 (22): 7088–94. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32945-9. PMID 993206.
- ^ The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (14th Edition - Version 14.4), Monograph 07147, Template:ISBN
