Radula marginata

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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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(Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
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Radula marginata, or wairuakohu, is a species of plant in the genus Radula,[1] a genus of liverworts. It is endemic to New Zealand.[2][3] It has been found to contain cannabinoids.[4][5]

Cannabinoids

The main cannabinoids in Radula marginata are not THC or CBD, the most common psychoactive chemicals produced by cannabis, but they are of similar molecular structure.[4] The liverwort contains perrottetinene and perrottetinenic acid.[4] It also contains a CBD analogue called Perrottetinene diol (trans-PTD).[6] The proportion of cannabinoids present is much less than in cannabis. Perrottetinene has been shown to be a moderately potent CB1 agonist leading to mild psychoactive effects in mice.[7]

Kaitiakitanga

Research on this taonga species has been carried out since 2017[8] by a multi-disciplinary international collaboration including a number of companies, research institutions and a collective of Māori communities represented by iwi organisations that have the plant growing in their tribal area, with a focus on exploring potential therapeutics derived from the cannabinoids.[6]

A Charitable Trust was established by the three foundation iwi in 2024 to represent the interests of the plant and the ecosystems that support it. A website provides information on the project to tribal members, other iwi and anyone interested in the rights and responsibilities of Indigenous Peoples associated with the research and development activities.

Conservation status

In 2020 the official status of Radula marginata was changed by the Department of Conservation (New Zealand) to "At Risk – Declining" based on an observed decline of populations. The report said "Illegal collecting is causing local declines of R. marginata and loss of some populations."

Dr Richard Espley from Plant & Food Research discussed some of the conservation concerns during an interview with Anna Thomas on Radio New Zealand in January 2025.[9]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hussain, Tajammul; Espley, Richard V.; Gertsch, Jürg; Whare, Tracey; Stehle, Felix; Kayser, Oliver (2019). "Demystifying the liverwort Radula marginata, a critical review on its taxonomy, genetics, cannabinoid phytochemistry and pharmacology". Phytochemistry Reviews. 18 (3): 953–965. doi:10.1007/s11101-019-09638-8. S2CID 199517648.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."GBIF2550163". Discover Life. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."GBIF2550057". Discover Life. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Toyota, M.; et al. (2002). "New bibenzyl cannabinoid from the New Zealand liverwort Radula marginata" (PDF). Chem Pharm Bull. 50 (10): 1390–1392. doi:10.1248/cpb.50.1390. PMID 12372871.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hussain, Tajammul; Plunkett, Blue; Ejaz, Mahwish; Espley, Richard V.; Kayser, Oliver (2018). "Identification of Putative Precursor Genes for the Biosynthesis of Cannabinoid-Like Compound in Radula marginata". Frontiers in Plant Science. 9: 537. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00537. PMC 5954354. PMID 29868043.
  6. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Andre, C.; Sansom, C. A.; Plunkett, B.; Hamiaux, C.; Massey, L.; Chan, A.; Caddie, M.; Perry, N. (23 December 2024). "Unique bibenzyl cannabinoids in the liverwort Radula marginata: parallels with Cannabis chemistry". New Phytologist. 246 (6): 2666–2682. doi:10.1111/nph.20349. PMC 12095976.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chicca, A.; Schafroth, M. A.; Reynoso-Moreno, I.; Erni, R.; Petrucci, V.; Carreira, E. M.; Gertsch, J. (1 October 2018). "Uncovering the psychoactivity of a cannabinoid from liverworts associated with a legal high". Science Advances. 4 (10) eaat2166. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.2166C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2166. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6200358. PMID 30397641.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morton, Jamie (16 January 2025). "This tiny native plant has cannabis-like properties – here's why that's exciting". NZ Herald. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thomas, Anna (17 January 2025). "Native species of liverwort mimics medicinal cannabis effect". RNZ. Retrieved 19 January 2025.

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