Rotunde

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Rotunde
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The Rotunde in 1873
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General information
StatusDestroyed by a fire in 1937
ClassificationFormer building
LocationTemplate:Csv
CoordinatesLua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
Completed1873
Dimensions
DiameterOf dome only:
Template:Cvt (outer)
Template:Cvt (inner)
CircumferenceOf dome only:
Template:Cvt (inner)
Design and construction
ArchitectTemplate:Pluralize from textBaron Karl von Hasenauer

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The Rotunde (Script error: No such module "IPA".) in Vienna's Leopoldstadt district was a building erected for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair (Template:Langx). The building was a partially covered circular wrought iron construction, Template:Cvt tall, with a diameter of Template:Cvt.[1][a] While the Rotunde stood, its dome was the largest in the world, larger than the Pantheon in Rome.[b].

The Rotunde burned down in 1937. Its former site is now occupied by buildings associated with the Vienna University of Economics and Business, and with Messe Wien.

Construction

The Rotunde was designed by the Austrian architect Baron Karl von Hasenauer, and was built by the German entrepreneur and bridge builder Johann Caspar Harkort VI [de] and his company based in Duisburg. The Scottish civil engineer John Scott Russell was responsible for the dome, which was built with wrought iron.[2]

File:Rotunde construction2.jpg
The Rotunde under construction in October 1872
File:Eroeffnung der Wiener Weltausstellung.png
The opening of the 1873 Vienna World's Fair inside the Rotunde

The German engineer and journalist Wilhelm Heinrich Uhland reported, that the Rotunde weighed approximately "80,000 hundredweight (Zoll centner), or about 4000 tons", that is, Template:Cvt.[1][c]

Conversions of the Rotunde's weight

A centner is a unit of mass equal to 100 of some base unit of mass. The German equivalent of the centner is the Script error: No such module "Lang"., and its base unit was traditionally the pound (Template:Langx), the definition of which varied in Germany. In 1854 the Script error: No such module "Lang". was defined by the German Customs Union (Template:Langx) as being equal to 500 grams. The "Zoll[ ]zentner"[3] or "Zoll[ ]centner"[4] is a Script error: No such module "Lang"./centner with the Script error: No such module "Lang". as its base unit: the Script error: No such module "Lang". is equal to 100 Script error: No such module "Lang"..

Accordingly, the weight of the Rotunde reported by Uhland can be converted into metric units:

80,000 Zollzentner⋅100 Zollpfund1 Zollzentner=8,000,000 Zollpfund

8,000,000 Zollpfund⋅500 g1 Zollpfund=4,000,000,000 g

4,000,000,000 g⋅1 kg1000 g=4,000,000 kg

4,000,000 kg⋅1 t1000 kg=4,000 t

So, by "4000 tons", Uhland presumably meant 4,000 tonnes/metric tons (SI symbol t), not short or long tons.

The central building of the World's Fair was accepted enthusiastically by the public. After the World's Fair, the Rotunde was used for shows and fairs.

Fiakerlied

File:Gustav Pick Wiener Fiakerlied.jpg
Sheet music cover art of Girardi's 1885 performance in the Rotunde

Alexander Girardi performed in the Rotunde on 24–25 May 1885, singing Gustav Pick's new composition, the Script error: No such module "Lang"., for the first time.[5][6]

Jubilee Exhibition 1898

In 1898, Emperor Franz Joseph's Jubilee Exhibition (Jubiläumsausstellung) was held in the Rotunde. The "Collective Exhibition of Austrian Automobile Builders" (Template:Langx), organized by the Austrian Automobile Club [de] (Template:Langx), was held as part of the Jubilee Exhibition. Four automobiles from manufacturers in Austria-Hungary were shown: the automobile built by Siegfried Marcus in 1888–1889 (the first automobile built in Austria-Hungary), an Egger-Lohner electric automobile, an Egger-Lohner petrol automobile, and the Script error: No such module "Lang". (now Tatra) Präsident.

Notes

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  1. ^ "Accurately stated, the exterior diameter of the Rotunde is 107·83 meters, and its height 84·1 meters"[1]
  2. ^ The Pantheon in Rome, which was dedicated c. 126 AD, over 1,700 years before the Rotunde was completed, has a dome that is Template:Cvt in diameter
  3. ^ "The total weight of the structure of the Rotunde may be stated in round numbers at 80,000 hundredweight (Zoll centner), or about 4000 tons"[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Uhland, Wilhelm H. Heinrich (1873) [1872-11]. "Notes on the Vienna Universal exposition". Journal of the Franklin Institute. 95 (3). Published by the Franklin Institute at their Hall: 185. doi:10.1016/0016-0032(73)90149-x. ISSN 0016-0032. OCLC 1044760573.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bui, Ly Y. (2006-02-23). "The Rotunda of the 1873 Vienna International Exhibition World's Fair Treasury". Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon (in Deutsch). Vol. 20. Bibliographisches Institut. 1909. p. 982.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.von Hermann, Friedrich Benedikt Wilhelm (1862). Eleven Volumes. : —(2.)— : East India Communication; Sydney Branch Mint; Weights and Measures. Reports from Committees. Vol. 7. pp. RA2–PA228.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Prater—Two Centuries of a Vienna Institution". Austrian Information. Vol. XIX. Austrian Information Service. 1966. pp. RA5–PA5. ISSN 0005-0520.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zapke, Susana; Fichna, Wolfgang (2023). Die Musik des Wiener Praters. Eine liederliche Träumerei: Unbekannte Lieder aus zwei Jahrhunderten (in Deutsch). Hollitzer Wissenschaftsverlag. p. PA106. ISBN 9783990940891. OCLC 1396220012.

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