TOGO

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TOGO
Native name
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FormerlyToyo Gorakuki
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Headquarters
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,
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Area served
Worldwide (Excluding Western Hemisphere)
ProductsRoller coasters
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Websitetohgo.co.jp

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File:Fujiyama2 2005-05.JPG
Fujiyama, a TOGO hypercoaster

Script error: No such module "Nihongo". was a Japanese amusement ride company that built roller coasters, giant wheels, carousels, flumes, dark rides, sky cycles and other amusement rides. They also introduced the Whac-A-Mole arcade game in 1975.

History

In 1935, Teiichi Yamada founded the Toyo Gorakuki Company and built his first attraction, a five-foot mechanical walking elephant that was a popular attraction at one of Tokyo's neighborhood parks.[1] Yamada reorganized his company in 1949 and changed the name to TOGO. TOGO built its first roller coaster in 1953, at Hanayashiki Park in Tokyo. That coaster is still in operation and is the oldest coaster in Japan.[1]

In 1965, TOGO built Cyclone at Toshimaen Park, which at the time, was the largest coaster in Asia. The company also began to expand its export business, selling coasters in Russia, Cuba and China.[1] Although the company built a variety of different rides in Japan, its export business was primarily roller coasters. In 1979, TOGO installed standup trains on two of its existing coasters in Japan, Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster at Yomiuriland and Dangai at Thrill Valley, creating the world's first stand-up roller coasters. These two installations captured the attention of Taft/Kings Entertainment company, who then purchased TOGO's Astro-Comet, the world's first coaster designed from the ground up as a stand-up roller coaster, installing at Kings Island as King Cobra.[1]

Whac-A-Mole (Mogura Taiji) was invented in 1975 by Kazuo Yamada of TOGO, based on ten of the designer's pencil sketches from 1974.[2] TOGO released it as Mogura Taiji to Japanese amusement arcades in 1975.[3] It became a major commercial success in Japan, where it was the second highest-grossing electro-mechanical arcade game of 1976 and again in 1977, second only to Namco's popular arcade racing game F-1 in both years.[4][5]

In 1986, TOGO developed the Ultra Twister Coaster. This unique concept had rails on the side of the vehicle allowing the coaster to perform true heartline rolls as it navigated the course. TOGO also incorporated a vertical lift hill and near-vertical drop into the ride.[6] TOGO built seven of these models, all similar, but not identical to each other. The original versions were not capable of making turns, so all seven operated as shuttles. However, TOGO did display a full-circuit model at the IAAPA trade show in the mid-1990s that was capable of making turns, but the ride was never built.[6] In fall 1989, Arrow Dynamics began building a similar concept called the Pipeline, which failed to get past the prototype stage.[7]

TOGO went bankrupt in 2001 due to a lawsuit by Knott's Berry Farm for problems with their Windjammer Surf Racers roller coaster.[8][9] TOGO created several unique coasters, including its combination of a looping sit-down coaster and a hypercoaster with its Manhattan Express coaster in Las Vegas (now known as "The Big Apple Coaster"). The looping wild mouse by TOGO was a style of ride with a drop into a vertical loop, followed by the hairpin turns and drops of a wild mouse coaster. The former Windjammer coaster at Knott's berry Farm was a variation of the looping wild mouse; it didn't feature any hairpin turns.

TOGO is also renowned for inventing the Twist-and-Dive roll, an inversion maneuver that combines elements of a half-heartline roll with a half-loop.[citation needed] A version of this maneuver included a half-oblique loop instead of a half-loop, so riders exited the element at an angle. This was used on the now-defunct Viper at Six Flags Great Adventure.

In 2018, TOGO announced a possible comeback after releasing a concept of their new stand up coaster model.

Notable rides

  • Bandit at Yomiuriland – It was the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the world when it opened in 1988 and inspired Richard Kinzel of Cedar Point to build Magnum XL 200.[10]
  • Big Apple Coaster at New York-New York Hotel & Casino (first opened in 1997 as the "Manhattan Express").
  • Freestyle is the only stand-up roller coaster in Europe, operating at Cavallino Matto in Tuscany, Italy. It opened as the park's fifth roller coaster on 18 July 2015. Freestyle originally opened at Canada's Wonderland in 1985 as SkyRider
  • Fujiyama – A hypercoaster at Fuji-Q Highland, Japan. Until 2000, it was the tallest roller coaster in the world.
  • King Cobra at Kings Island (1984–2001) – The world's first coaster designed specifically to be a stand-up looping coaster. It was taken down and scrapped after TOGO went out of business, making parts very expensive.
  • Shockwave – Kings Dominion, Doswell, Virginia. Built in 1986 Specifically for Kings Dominion; was retired August 9, 2015.
  • SkyRider – Canada's Wonderland Opening date May 1985; retired in 2014; dismantled and sent to Italy.
  • Ultra Twister – A pipeline roller coaster that uses single cars that ride between the rails. Because of the design, the cars are unable to make lateral turns and require switch tracks at either end of the ride.
  • Viper at Six Flags Great Adventure – A roller coaster that featured a unique heartline roll. The ride was scrapped in 2005, and its station was re-used for El Toro.
  • White Canyon at Yomiuriland – White Canyon was the tallest and longest Cyclone-style roller coaster in the world before it closed in 2013.
  • Windjammer Surf Racers at Knott's Berry Farm – a twin racing coaster with 65-foot vertical loops. This coaster was a massive failure, and part of the lawsuits would lead to TOGO's bankruptcy.

List of roller coasters

As of 2019, TOGO has built 61 roller coasters around the world.[11]

Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
Jet Coaster Sitdown Coaster Nagashima Spa Land Template:Flagicon Japan 1966 Operating [12]
Diving Shooter Sitdown Coaster Itozu No Mori Park Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [13]
Cycle Coaster Cycle Coaster Enakyo Wonderland Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Operating [14]
Jet Coaster Sitdown Coaster Kagoshima Jungle Land Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [15]
Crazy Mouse Looping Mouse II Kagoshima Jungle Land Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [16]
Jungle Mouse Wild Mouse Coaster Yoshinogawa Yuenchi Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [17]
Rushing Car Rushing Car Tokyo Summer Land Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [18]
Rushing Car Rushing Car Tengu Land Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [19]
Rushing Car Rushing Car Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [20]
Rushing Car Wild Mouse Coaster Kashiikaen Yuenchi Template:Flagicon Japan Unknown Removed [21]
Unknown
Formerly Ultra Twister		 Ultra Twister I Six Flags America
Six Flags AstroWorld
Six Flags Great Adventure		 Template:Flagicon United States Unknown
1990 to 2005
1986 to 1988		 Removed [22]
[23]
[24]
Roller Coaster Sitdown Coaster Hanayashiki Template:Flagicon Japan 1953 Operating [25]
Sea Coaster Sitdown Coaster Yatsu Yuenchi Template:Flagicon Japan 1958 Removed [26]
Cyclone Sitdown Coaster Toshimaen Template:Flagicon Japan 1965 Removed [27]
2WAY Coaster Sitdown Coaster Tokyo Dome City Template:Flagicon Japan 1968 Removed [28]
Diving Coaster Sitdown Coaster GrinPa Template:Flagicon Japan 1973 Removed [29]
Bobster Bobster Takakonuma Greenland Template:Flagicon Japan 1973 Removed [30]
Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster
Formerly Standing and Loop Coaster		 Standing Coaster Astro Comet II Yomiuriland Template:Flagicon Japan 1979 Removed [31]
Crazy Mouse Looping Mouse II Tobu Zoo Park Template:Flagicon Japan 1981 Removed [32]
Bobster Bobster Shirakaba Resort Family Land
Nakajima Park		 Template:Flagicon Japan 1982
1974 to 1981		 Operating [33]
[34]
King Cobra Standing Coaster Astro Comet Kings Island Template:Flagicon United States 1984 Removed [35]
Standing Coaster Standing Coaster Astro Comet II Rusutsu Resort
Otaru Expo		 Template:Flagicon Japan 1985
1984		 Operating [36]
[37]
Adventure Coaster Diving Shooter Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen Template:Flagicon Japan 1985 Removed [38]
Montaña Rusa Bobster Parque Lenin Template:Flagicon Cuba 1985 Removed [39]
Shockwave Standing Coaster Custom Kings Dominion Template:Flagicon United States 1986 Removed [40]
Pink Typhoon Standing Coaster
Formerly Star Jet		 Standing Coaster Astro Comet Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland
Tsukuba Expo		 Template:Flagicon Japan 1986
1985		 Operating [41]
[42]
Ultra Twister Ultra Twister I Tokyo Dome City Template:Flagicon Japan 1986 Removed [43]
Loop Screw Coaster Sitdown Coaster Seibuen Yuenchi Template:Flagicon Japan 1986 Removed [44]
Roller Coaster Loop & Corkscrew Beijing Amusement Park Template:Flagicon China 1987 Removed [45]
Bandit Super Roller Coaster Yomiuriland Template:Flagicon Japan 1988 Operating [46]
SL Coaster Sitdown Coaster Yomiuriland Template:Flagicon Japan 1988 Removed [47]
Zola 7 Shooting Coaster Fuji-Q Highland Template:Flagicon Japan 1988 Removed [48]
Ultra Twister Ultra Twister I Nagashima Spa Land Template:Flagicon Japan 1989 Operating [49]
SL Coaster Sitdown Coaster Minamichita Beach Land & Minamichita Toy Kingdom Template:Flagicon Japan 1989 Removed [50]
Dangai Standing Coaster Custom Thrill Valley Template:Flagicon Japan 1989 Removed [51]
Super Roller Coaster Sitdown Coaster Fantasy Dome Tomakomai Template:Flagicon Japan 1990 Removed [52]
Milky Way
Formerly Fujin-Raijin
Formerly Ultra Twin
Formerly Fujin-Raijin		 Standing Coaster Custom Greenland
International Flower and Greenery Exposition		 Template:Flagicon Japan 1991
1990		 Operating [53]
Ultra Twister Ultra Twister I Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland Template:Flagicon Japan 1991 Operating [54]
Fujin Raijin II Standing Coaster Custom Expoland Template:Flagicon Japan 1992 Removed [55]
Geopanic Sitdown Coaster Tokyo Dome City Template:Flagicon Japan 1992 Removed [56]
DIOS Super Roller Coaster Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen Template:Flagicon Japan 1992 Removed [57]
Aladdin Coaster Sitdown Coaster Alibaba City Template:Flagicon Japan 1992 Removed [58]
Surf Coaster Leviathan
Formerly Surf Coaster		 Super Roller Coaster Sea Paradise Template:Flagicon Japan 1993 Operating [59]
Ultra Twister Ultra Twister S-II Rusutsu Resort
World Food Festival		 Template:Flagicon Japan 1989
1988		 Operating [60]
[61]
Unknown Sitdown Coaster Fantasy Dome Seiro Template:Flagicon Japan 1994 Removed [62]
Vegas Panic Looping Mouse Custom Fantasy Dome Kishiwada Template:Flagicon Japan 1994 Removed [63]
Ultra Twister Megaton Ultra Twister I Greenland Template:Flagicon Japan 1994 Removed [64]
White Canyon Wooden Coaster Yomiuriland Template:Flagicon Japan 1994 Removed [65]
Clipper Sitdown Coaster Space World Template:Flagicon Japan 1995 Removed [66]
Viper Mega Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure Template:Flagicon United States 1995 Removed [67]
Fujiyama Sitdown Coaster Fuji-Q Highland Template:Flagicon Japan 1996 Operating [68]
Mega Coaster Mega Coaster Hamanako Pal Pal Template:Flagicon Japan 1997 Operating [69]
Big Apple Coaster
Formerly The Roller Coaster
Formerly Manhattan Express		 Mega Coaster New York, New York Hotel & Casino Template:Flagicon United States 1997 Operating [70]
Windjammer Surf Racers
Formerly Jammer		 Looping Mouse Custom Knott's Berry Farm Template:Flagicon United States 1997 Removed [71]
Kiddy Shuttle Kiddy Shuttle Thrill Valley Template:Flagicon Japan 1998 Removed [72]
Crazy Mouse Looping Mouse II Kitami Family Land Template:Flagicon Japan 2000 Operating [73]
Hyper Kid Coaster Sitdown Coaster Fantasy Dome Template:Flagicon Japan 2000 Closed [74]
Flounder's Flying Fish Coaster Sitdown Coaster Tokyo DisneySea Template:Flagicon Japan 2001 Operating [75]
Actpo Kometa Sitdown Coaster Maviland
Metalworkers' Palace		 Template:Flagicon Russia 2002
1992 to 2000		 Removed [76]
[77]
Go Go Sneaker Sitdown Coaster Rusutsu Resort
Kintetsu Ayameike		 Template:Flagicon Japan 2005
Unknown		 Operating [78]
[79]
Hurricane - Screw & Loop Coaster
Formerly Tornado		 Loop & Corkscrew Himeji Central Park
Kintetsu Ayameike		 Template:Flagicon Japan 2007
1981 to 2004		 Operating [80]
[81]
Ultra Coaster
Formerly Ultra Twister		 Ultra Twister I Marah Land Sabahiya
Ikoma Skyland		 Template:Flagicon Kuwait 2008
2004 to 2006		 Removed [82]
[83]
Bledek Coaster
Formerly Loop & Cork		 Looping Mouse I Suroboyo Carnival Night Market
Jawa Timur Park 2
Maruyama KidLand
Nakajima Park		 Template:Flagicon Indonesia 2014
Unknown
1995 to 2010
1982 to 1994		 Removed [84][85]
[86]
[87]
[88]
Grand Canyon
Formerly Cobra
Formerly Kiddy Shuttle		 Kiddy Shuttle Parc de la Vallée
Lunapark Fréjus
Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen		 Template:Flagicon France 2014
2004 to 2011
1998 to 2002		 Operating [89]
[90]
[91]
Freestyle
Formerly SkyRider		 Standing Coaster Astro Comet Cavallino Matto
Canada's Wonderland		 Template:Flagicon Italy 2015
1985 to 2014		 Operating [92]
[93]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Togo (manufacturer).Template:Preview warning

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  1. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ruben, Paul (1988). "Innovative thrills from TOGO". RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 9, no. 3. Chicago, Illinois: American Coaster Enthusiasts. pp. 50–53. ISSN 0896-7261.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."もぐら叩きを作った男" [The man who made Whac-A-Mole] (in 日本語). Archived from the original on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."70s Amusement Machine History" (PDF). Japan Amusement Machine and Marketing Association (JAMMA) (in 日本語). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-11. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."本紙アンケー 〜 ト調査の結果 (アーケードゲーム機)" [Paper Questionnaire: Results of the Survey (Arcade Game Machines)] (PDF). Game Machine (in 日本語). No. 65. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 February 1977. p. 2.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."結果ベスト3" [Best 3 Results] (PDF). Game Machine (in 日本語). No. 90. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 February 1978. p. 2.
  6. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Seifert, Jeffrey (2007). "The first pipeline coaster — Ultra Twister". RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 28, no. 2. Zanesville, Ohio: American Coaster Enthusiasts. pp. 50–53. ISSN 0896-7261.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."1990 Arrow Dynamics announces the 'Pipeline Coaster'". 25 November 2007.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Jury Rejects Knott's Suit Over Design of Coaster". Los Angeles Times. 2003-10-31. Retrieved 2026-02-22.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Windjammer Surf Racers (Yellow) (Knott's Berry Farm) :: ThrillNetwork.com". database.thrillnetwork.com. Archived from the original on 2006-06-08. Retrieved 2026-02-22.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Holmes, Scott; Holmes, Carol (2009). "20 years of Magnum". RollerCoaster! Magazine. Vol. 30, no. 4. Zanesville, Ohio: American Coaster Enthusiasts. pp. 4–11. ISSN 0896-7261.
  11. ^ TOGO - rcdb.com
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Jet Coaster (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Diving Shooter (Itozu No Mori Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Cycle Coaster (Enakyo Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Jet Coaster (Kagoshima Jungle Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Crazy Mouse (Kagoshima Jungle Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Jungle Mouse (Yoshinogawa Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car (Tokyo SummerLand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car (Tengu Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Rushing Car (Kashiikaen Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Six Flags America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Six Flags AstroWorld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster (Hanayashiki)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Jet Coaster (Yatsu Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Cyclone (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "2Way Coaster (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Diving Coaster (GrinPa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Bobster (Takakonuma Greenland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Momonga Standing and Loop Coaster (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Crazy Mouse (Tobu Zoo Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Bobster (Shirakaba Resort Family Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Bobster (Nakajima Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "King Cobra (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Standing Coaster (Rusutsu Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Otaru Expo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Adventure Coaster (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Montaña Rusa (Parque Lenin)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  40. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Shockwave (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  41. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Star Jet (Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  42. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Star Jet (Tsukuba Expo)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  43. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  44. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Loop Screw (Seibuen Yuenchi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  45. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Roller Coaster (Beijing Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  46. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Bandit (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  47. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "SL Coaster (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  48. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Zola 7 (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  49. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  50. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "SL Coaster (Minamichita Beach Land & Minamichita Toy Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  51. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Dangai (Thrill Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  52. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Super Roller Coaster (Fantasy Dome Tomakomai)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  53. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Milky Way (Greenland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  54. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Brazilian Park Washuzan Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  55. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Fujin Raijin II (Expoland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  56. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Geopanic (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  57. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Super Roller Coaster DIOS (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  58. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Aladdin Coaster (Alibaba City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  59. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Surf Coaster Leviathan (Sea Paradise)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  60. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Rusutsu Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  61. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (World Food Festival)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  62. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Fantasy Dome Seiro)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  63. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Fantasy Dome Kishiwada)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  64. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister Megaton (Greenland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  65. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "White Canyon (Yomiuriland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  66. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Clipper (Space World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  67. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Viper (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  68. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Fujiyama (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  69. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Mega Coaster (Hamanako Pal Pal)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  70. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Big Apple Coaster (Toshimaen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  71. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Windjammer SurF Racers (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  72. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Kiddy Shuttle (Thrill Valley)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  73. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Crazy Mouse (Kitami Family Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  74. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Hyper Kid Coaster (Fantasy Dome)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  75. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Flounder's Flying Fish Coaster (Tokyo DisneySea)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  76. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Actpo Kometa (Maviland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  77. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Metalworkers' Palace)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  78. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Go Go Sneaker (Rusutsu Resort)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  79. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Go Go Sneaker (Kinetetsu Ayameike)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  80. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Hurricane Screw & Loop Coaster (Himeji Central Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  81. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Tornado (Kintetsu Ayameike)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  82. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Coaster (Marah Land Sabahiya)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  83. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Ultra Twister (Ikoma Skyland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  84. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Bledek Coaster (Suroboyo Carnival Night Market)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  85. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Widiyana, Esti (January 25, 2021). "Surabaya Night Carnival Riwayatmu Kini". news.detik.com (in indonesian). Retrieved February 11, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  86. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Unknown (Jawa Timur Park 2)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  87. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Loop & Cork (Maruyama KidLand)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  88. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Loop & Cork (Nakajima Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
  89. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Grand Canyon (Parc de la Vallée)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  90. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Cobra (Lunapark Fréjus)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  91. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Kddy Shuttle (Odakyu Mukogaoka Yuen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  92. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "Freestyle (Cavallino Matto)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
  93. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marden, Duane. "SkyRider (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved July 4, 2011.

Template:Roller coaster manufacturers

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