Umê script
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| Umê scripts Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.དབུ་མེད་ | |
|---|---|
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| Script type | Abugida
(Informal cursive forms of the Tibetan script) |
| Created | c. 620 |
Period | c. 620–present |
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| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.Tibt Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.(330), Tibetan |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Tibetan |
| U+0F00–U+0FFF | |
Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.དབུ་མེད་, Wylie: Template:Tlit, Script error: No such module "IPA".; variant spellings include Template:Tlit, Template:Tlit) is a family of stylistic variants of the Tibetan alphabet used for both calligraphy and shorthand.[3] The name Template:Tlit means "headless" and refers to its distinctive feature: the absence of the horizontal guide line ('head') across the top of the letters. Between syllables, the Template:Tlit mark (Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.་) often appears as a vertical stroke, rather than the shorter 'dot'-like mark in some other scripts.[4]
Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.འཁྱུག་ཡིག།་, Wylie: Template:Tlit) or Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.རྒྱུག་ཡིག།, Wylie: Template:Tlit), is the most common form of Umê that people in the Tibetan region use as an informal shorthand for notes and personal correspondence. It is extremely cursive, with free-flowing, distorted glyph forms. It remains unstandardised and is difficult to decipher because of its divergent shapes. [5]
The other main style of the Tibetan script is the upright block form, Template:Tlit (Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.དབུ་ཅན་ Template:Tlit; Script error: No such module "IPA".). The name of the block form, Template:Tlit means "with a head", corresponding to the presence of the horizontal guide line. This script is the standard formal variant of the script, used for official and religious purposes.
Styles
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Template:Tlit scripts span from formal calligraphy to highly informal shorthand with context-specific styles. Besides Template:Tlit, there are (broadly) five main styles of Template:Tlit writing:[6]
- Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.འབྲུ་ཚ་, Wylie: Template:Tlit), used for writing documents.
- Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.དཔེ་ཚུགས་, Wylie: Template:Tlit), used for writing scriptures.
- Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.ཚུགས་ཐུང༌།, Wylie: Template:Tlit) shortened, abbreviated variant traditionally used for commentaries.
- Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.ཚུགས་རིང་།, Wylie: Template:Tlit) used for novice scribes to improve handwriting and familiarity with the script. It is elegant with vertically elongated glyphs.[7]
- Template:Tlit (Tibetan: Page Template:Bo-textonly/fonts.css has no content.ཚུགས་ཆུ་ཡིག་, Wylie: Template:Tlit) a hybrid style designed to be written quickly without losing the Template:Tlit form.
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Daniels, Peter T. (January 2008). "Writing systems of major and minor languages". In Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (eds.). Language in South Asia. pp. 285–308. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511619069.017. ISBN 978-0-521-78653-9.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. p. 143.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chen, Jinhua (2024-02-08). Esoteric Buddhism and Texts: Volume I, Manuscript Culture and Transborder Transmission. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-003-85355-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gyatso, Ribur Ngawang (1984). "A Short History of Tibetan Script". The Tibet Journal. 9 (2). Library of Tibetan Works and Archives: 28–30. JSTOR 43300125.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Phuntsok, Kelsang; Wang, Hao; Jia, Yaming; Li, Yalong (2024). "Digital preservation and generation of Tibetan Umê script calligraphy: A review". Digital Governance and Innovation. 1 (4): 312–325. doi:10.3724/2096-7004.di.2024.0048.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Quenzer, Jörg; Bondarev, Dmitry; Sobisch, Jan-Ulrich (2014). "Towards a Tibetan Palaeography: Developing a Typography of writing styles in early Tibet". Manuscript Cultures: Mapping the Field: 299–441.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chakrishar, Jamyang Dorjee (2020). Tibetan Handwriting Workbook - I: Tsugring-Thung. Diverse Voices. ISBN 978-1734914405.
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