Yalta

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Yalta
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City
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Flag
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Coat of arms
Anthem: Southern Capital[1]
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RepublicCrimea
MunicipalityYalta Municipality
Area
[2]
 • Total
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Elevation
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Population
 (2014)
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Population
 (2014)
 • Total
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Template:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)
Postal codes
(2)98600–(2)98639
Template:Pluralize from text+7-3654Template:Pluralize from text
Former nameYalita (until the 15th century)
ClimateCfa

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Yalta[a] (Ukrainian and Russian: Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Yalta Municipality, one of the regions within Crimea. Yalta, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is controlled de facto by Russia,[4] which annexed Crimea in 2014 and regards the town as part of the Republic of Crimea. According to the most recent census, its population was 76,746 (2014 Census).[5]

The city is located on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Yalita (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA".).[6] It is said to have been founded by Greek settlers who were looking for a safe shore on which to land. It is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black Sea, surrounded by the mountain range Ai-Petri. It has a humid subtropical climate and is surrounded by numerous vineyards and orchards.[7]

The area became famous in 1945 when the city held the Yalta Conference as part of the Allied World War II conferences of major wartime national leaders.

The term "Greater Yalta" is used to designate a part of the Crimean southern coast spanning from Foros in the west to Gurzuf in the east, and including the city of Yalta and multiple adjacent urban settlements.

History

12th–19th centuries

19th century photograph of Yalta, Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, D.C.

The existence of Yalta was recorded in the 12th century by an Arab geographer, who described it as a Byzantine port and fishing settlement. It became part of a network of Genoese trading colonies on the Crimean coast in the 14th century when it was known as Etalita or Galita. Crimea was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1475, which made it a semi-independent subject territory under the rule of the Crimean Khanate but the southern coast with Yalta was under direct Ottoman rule forming the Eyalet of Kefe (Feodosiya). Yalta was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1783, along with the rest of Crimea, sparking the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). Prior to the annexation of the Crimea, the Crimean Greeks were moved to Mariupol in 1778; one of the villages they established nearby is also called Yalta.

In the 19th century, the town became a fashionable resort for the Russian aristocracy and gentry. Leo Tolstoy spent summers there and Anton Chekhov in 1898 bought a house (the White Dacha) here, where he lived until 1902; Yalta is the setting for Chekhov's short story, "The Lady with the Dog", and such prominent plays as The Three Sisters were written in Yalta. The town was also closely associated with royalty. In 1889 Tsar Alexander III finished construction of Massandra Palace a short distance to the north of Yalta and Nicholas II built the Livadia Palace southwest of the town in 1911.

20th century

Yelena Villa in Yalta, c. 1915

During the 20th century, Yalta was the principal holiday resort of the Soviet Union. In 1920, Vladimir Lenin issued a decree "On the Use of Crimea for the Medical Treatment of the Working People" which endorsed the region's transformation from a fairly exclusive resort area into a recreation facility for tired proletarians. Numerous workers' sanatoria were constructed in and around Yalta and the surrounding district. There were, in fact, few other places that Soviet citizens could come for a seaside holiday, as foreign travel was forbidden to all but a handful. The Soviet elite also came to Yalta; the Soviet premier Joseph Stalin used the Massandra Palace as his summer residence.

Yalta was occupied by the German Army from 9 November 1941 to 16 April 1944.

The town came to worldwide attention in 1945 when the Yalta Conference between the "Big Three" powers – the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom – was held at the Livadia Palace.

21st century

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Yalta has struggled economically. Many of the nouveaux riches of ex-Soviet citizens began going to other European holiday resorts, now that they had the freedom and money to travel; conversely, the impoverishment of many ex-Soviet citizens meant that they could no longer afford to go to Yalta. The town's transport links have been significantly reduced with the end of almost all passenger traffic by sea. The longest trolleybus line in Europe goes from the train station in Simferopol to Yalta (almost 90 km). Most of the tourists are from countries of the former Soviet Union; in 2013, about 12% of tourists to Crimea were Westerners from more than 200 cruise ships.[8]

Yalta has a beautiful seafront promenade along the Black Sea. People can be seen strolling there all seasons of the year, and it also serves as a place to gather and talk, to see and be seen. There are several beaches to the east and west of the promenade. Many kinds of pine trees (Stone pine and Aleppo pine for example), oleander shrubs, lemon and olive trees and different sorts of palm trees such as the Chinese windmill palm, the Mexican fan palm and the Canary Island date palm are scattered all over the city. The town has several movie theaters, a drama theater, plenty of restaurants, and several open-air markets.

Two beaches in Yalta are Blue Flag beaches since May 2010, these were the first beaches (with two beaches in Yevpatoria) to be awarded a Blue Flag in a CIS member state.[9]

Main sights

Saint Hripsime Church of Yalta
File:Foros 03.jpg
Foros Church is a popular wedding location
File:Nikitsky Botanical Garden 1.jpg
Nikitsky Botanical Garden

Famous attractions within or near Yalta are:

Moreover, Yalta's suburbs contain:

Geography

Climate

As Yalta lies to the south of the Crimean Mountains and within an amphitheatre of hills, the climate is mild. Köppen classifies the city as humid subtropical (Cfa), bordering on a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa);[7] while the city's Trewartha class is oceanic (Do), barely missing the criteria for humid subtropical (Cf). In February, the average temperature reaches 4 °C (39 °F). Snow is infrequent and melts soon thereafter. In July, the average temperature reaches 24 °C (75 °F). The average annual precipitation is 612 millimetres (24.1 in), most of it being concentrated in the colder months. The sun shines approximately 2,169 hours per year. Since the city is located on the shore of the Black Sea, the weather rarely becomes extremely hot due to the cool sea breezes. The average annual temperature for Yalta is around 14 °C (57 °F), which makes it one of the warmest places in Ukraine.

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File:Boardwalk at Yalta Ukraine (3943053701).jpg
Boardwalk at Yalta
File:Yalta (2733097088).jpg
Yalta seafront promenade

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1897 13,155[12]—    
1923 18,345[12]+1.29%
1926 28,758[12]+16.17%
1939 32,683[12]+0.99%
1959 43,994[12]+1.50%
1970 62,170[12]+3.19%
1979 80,098[12]+2.86%
1989 88,549[12]+1.01%
1992 90,000[12]+0.54%
1998 86,000[12]−0.75%
2001 81,654[12]−1.71%
2003 80,979[12]−0.41%
2004 80,416[12]−0.70%
2005 80,140[12]−0.34%
2006 79,796[12]−0.43%
2007 79,380[12]−0.52%
2008 78,935[12]−0.56%
2009 78,584[12]−0.44%
2010 78,334[12]−0.32%
2011 78,034[12]−0.38%
2012 78,040[12]+0.01%
2013 78,115[12]+0.10%
2014 78,200[12]+0.11%
2020 79,056[13]+0.18%
2021 74,652[14]−5.57%
2025 72,013[15]−0.90%

As of the Ukrainian Census conducted on 1 January 2001, the population of Yalta is 80,500. The main ethnic groups of Yalta are: Russians (65.5%), Ukrainians (27.7%), Belarusians (1.6%), and Crimean Tatars (1.3%).[16] In terms of spoken languages, the majority of the population speaks Russian (88.1%) as their mother tongue, followed by significant minorities of native Ukrainian (8.9%) and Crimean Tatar speakers (1.1%).[17]

This total number does not comprise the population of neighbouring villages and small towns. The metropolitan area population is about 139,500.

Twin towns – sister cities

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Yalta is twinned with:[18][19][20][21]

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Notable people born in Yalta

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ English approximation of the name: Page Module:IPA/styles.css has no content.UK: /ˈjæltə, ˈjɔːltə, ˈjɒltə/, Page Module:IPA/styles.css has no content.US: /ˈjɔːltə/ <phonos file="en-us-Yalta.ogg"></phonos> [3]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Включена DDos защита". Archived from the original on 2025-04-17. Retrieved 2026-03-01.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cities and Settlements in Jalta (Crimea, Ukraine)". citypopulation.de.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fictitious Annexation Follows Voting". 30 September 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2014). "Таблица 1.3. Численность населения Крымского федерального округа, городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений" [Table 1.3. Population of Crimean Federal District, Its Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, Urban and Rural Settlements]. Федеральное статистическое наблюдение «Перепись населения в Крымском федеральном округе». ("Population Census in Crimean Federal District" Federal Statistical Examination) (in русский). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sergei R. Grinevetsky; Igor S. Zonn; Sergei S. Zhiltsov; Aleksey N. Kosarev; Andrey G. Kostianoy (2015). The Black Sea Encyclopedia. Springer Publishing. p. 821. ISBN 978-3662518403.
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated" (PDF). Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  8. ^ New York Times, For Crimea, It's Russian Troops In, Tourists Out, by Neil MacFarquhar, 24 May 2014,
  9. ^ Four beaches in Crimea receive international certificates of cleanliness, Kyiv Post (12 May 2010)
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Климат Ялты" (in русский). Погода и климат (Weather and Climate). Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Yalta Climate Normals 1991–2020" (CSV). World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original (CSV) on 20 April 2025. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cities & towns of Ukraine". pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2025-11-21.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mun Obr 2020". Archived from the original (RAR) on 2020-08-22.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Численность населения россии, федеральных округов, субъектов российской федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более" [Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban populated areas, rural populated areas with a population of 3,000 people or more] (in русский). Archived from the original (XLSX) on 2022-09-01.
  15. ^ https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/%D0%A1hisl_MO_01-01-2025.xlsx[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ Central Statistical Office of AR Crimea Script error: No such module "webarchive"., see «Ялта», column №3.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України". socialdata.org.ua (in українська). Retrieved 2025-12-08.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ялта и итальянский Родвиго планируют стать городами-побратимами". gazetacrimea.ru (in русский). Gazeta Crimea. 28 April 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ялта и Грозный стали городами-побратимами". crimea.kp.ru (in русский). 13 August 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ялта и итальянский Родвиго планируют стать городами-побратимами". fontanka.ru (in русский). Fontanka. 22 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Луганск и Ялта побратаются. Луганчан ждут скидки на ЮБК?". cxid.info (in русский). 18 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

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